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101.
Advanced energy storage systems have been widely applied to industries and are being installed at large buildings and factories to realize efficient energy usage. This paper presents a control method involving load frequency control and distribution network control (loss reduction control) using a part of customers' owned battery capacity. When 10% of total battery capacity of 100 MW in a network of 30‐GW generator capacities is used for load frequency control, a total of 1500‐MW generation units for load frequency control, at maximum, can be stopped without deterioration of power quality. In addition, when batteries are used for loss reduction in a distribution network, 2% of the loss on a summer day can be reduced. To realize both effects to their fullest, a novel integrated control algorithm is proposed and its economic effect is evaluated by numerical simulations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 11–20, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20704  相似文献   
102.
This study examined the intraoral changes of the elastic properties and roughness of a tissue conditioner after treatment with a fluorinated copolymer coating agent developed by the authors. The surface of the conditioner was treated with the agent on half of the internal surface of five maxillary complete dentures and was compared with the untreated half on the other side. The cushioning effects of the conditioners were evaluated by measuring the creep compliance strain-to-stress ratio. The value of compliance on the treated half was significantly greater than that on the untreated half. There was significantly less roughness on the treated side than on the untreated side. It was found that the coating provides an improved, glossy surface to the conditioner and may increase its useful life.  相似文献   
103.
Gamma irradiation treatment (GIT) is the most widely used sterilization method for biomaterials in spite of the potential to degrade polymers. The adverse effects of GIT on the mechanical properties and biological stabilities of porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) composites were investigated in this study. Those properties of a porous HAp/Col composite stabilized by dehydrothermal treatment (DHT) drastically decreased by GIT in the same manner as conventional pure Col materials. DHT after GIT could partially eliminate the adverse effects, due to the introduction of cross-linkage among the degraded Col molecules.  相似文献   
104.
105.
Catalytic oxidation of benzene in the gas phase has been studied as a function of the catalyst composition, reaction temperature and the feed conditions of reactant gases, hydrogen, oxygen, benzene as well as diluting inert gas. The catalyst tested is composed of Pd and Cu(I) ions, both of which are supported on silica gel. If one of the two metal species is lacked from the catalyst, no catalytic activity appears. The product is almost exclusively phenol and some accompanying benzoquinone, in particular at lower temperatures, as minor byproduct.On leave from Hua-Dong Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.  相似文献   
106.
To investigate changes in the radiographic appearance during weightbearing in hallux valgus and to examine the importance of a weightbearing view, a comparative study was performed of accurate dorsoplantar radiographs of 108 symptomatic hallux valgus feet in 73 female patients and 100 normal feet in 69 females, which were taken weightbearing and nonweightbearing. The hallux valgus angle in the hallux valgus group increased on weightbearing, whereas that in the normal group decreased. The intermetatarsal angle between the first and second metatarsals increased on weightbearing in both groups. The degree of the changes of the angles was closely related with the degree of the hallux valgus deformity. The intermetatarsal angle between the fourth and fifth metatarsals decreased on weightbearing in the both groups. A weightbearing view is necessary to evaluate the structural configuration of hallux valgus, because muscle imbalance around the first metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux valgus causes an increase of a hallux valgus angle on weightbearing.  相似文献   
107.
Plasma membrane was isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ATPase in the plasma membrane of Z. rouxii cells was a typical proton-ATPase as judged by testing with various ATPase inhibitors. There were slight differences in the pH optima of activities and in the sensitivity to sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) of the ATPase from Z. rouxii and S. cerevisiae. The specific ATPase activity from Z. rouxii was higher in cells grown in a medium containing 2 M-NaCl than in those not containing NaCl. No in vivo activation by incubation with glucose was observed in Z. rouxii cells and the specific ATPase activity was independent of the growth phase, unlike S. cerevisiae cells.  相似文献   
108.
Cubic cesium leucite-based compounds, namely cesium leucites, cesium sodium leucites, and cesium lithium leucites, were synthesized using a multistep solid-state reaction method. The thermal expansion properties, in the temperature range of 298-1273 K, for the synthesized cubic cesium leucite-based compounds were examined using high-temperature powder X-ray diffractometry data. The thermal expansions of the cubic cesium leucite-based compounds were found to vary with the chemical composition. For instance, the thermal expansions of Cs0.7Na0.2Al0.9Si2.1O6 and Cs0.7Li0.2Al0.9Si2.1O6 were 0.14% at 1273 K and 0.081% at 1073 K, values lower than those of Cs0.9Al0.9Si2.1O6, which were 0.16% at 1073 K and 0.2% at 1273 K. The results showed that the thermal expansions of the cubic cesium leucite-based compounds changed with ionic substitution at the Cs+ sites because of ionic size differences between Cs+ and the Na+ or Li+ substitutional ions.  相似文献   
109.
We developed a metal-based fluorescent probe for H(2)O(2) called MBFh1, which has an iron complex as a reaction site for H(2)O(2) and a 3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine derivative as the fluorescent reporter unit. The iron complex reacts quickly with H(2)O(2) to form oxidants, and then the oxidants convert the closely appended nonfluorescent 3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine moiety to resorufin in an intramolecular fashion. The quick response to H(2)O(2) allows us to plot the enzymatic evolution of H(2)O(2). A combination of N-acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine and horseradish peroxidase has been frequently used to detect enzymatically generated H(2)O(2), but this method has interference with phenol derivatives. The use of MBFh1 overcomes this drawback.  相似文献   
110.
To obtain fundamental information about hydrogen transfer, the relationships between hydrogen donor ability and chemical structure of model compounds representing donor solvents is studied using gas chromatography,1H n.m.r. and computing calculation methods. The order of the model compounds in terms of the ability as donor solvent to release hydrogen is: decalin < tetralin < 1,2-dihydronaphthalene < < 1,4-dihydronaphthalene. This trend closely correlates with the difference in binding energies of the hydroaromatic compounds and their radicals, determined by intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) calculation. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (e.s.r.) confirms that radical species are created after heat-treatment of the donor compounds. The ability of model compounds representing coal to accept hydrogen is assessed from a comparison of the1H n.m.r. spectra. It is established that donor and acceptor efficacies are dependent upon chemical structure.  相似文献   
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