Strengthening of concrete prisms using the plate-bonding technique

This paper presents the use of fracture mechanics for the plate bonding technique. Plates of steel or carbon-fibre reinforced plastic are bonded with an epoxy adhesive to rectangular concrete prisms and loaded in shear up to failure, what is normally known in fracture mechanics as mode II failure. In this special application a linear and a nonlinear approach are presented. The nonlinear equation derived for a realistic shear-deformation curve can only be used for numerical calculations. However, for simplified shear-deformation curves, the derived formula can be solved analytically. Results from tests, which are compared with the theory, are also presented.     

Electromigration-induced damage in bamboo Al interconnects

Depletion and hillock formation were examined in-situ in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) during electromigration of bamboo Al interconnect segments. Hillocks formed directly at the anode ends of the segments by epitaxial addition of Al at the bottom Al/TiN interface. Depletion occurred nonuniformly from the cathode end and stopped once the distance between the leading void and the hillock reached the critical length for electromigration at the given current density. A modified equation for the drift velocity is proposed, which includes the effect of nonuniform depletion and predicts that interconnects with nonuniform depletion are more reliable than those with uniform depletion.     

Van vleck paramagnetism of the diluted intermetallic compounds Pr1−x Y x Ni5 at fields up to 15 T

We have measured the 16 Hz susceptibility of the diluted Van Vleck paramagnets Pr_1−x Y _x Ni₅ withx=0.00, 0.05, 0.10. 0.20 at temperatures 1.5 K≤T≤50 K and magnetic fields up to 15T. Their Van Vleck type magnetic susceptibility χ(T, B, x) strongly depends on the field atB≥6 T. The temperatureT _max(B, x) of the maximum of χ(T, B, x) decreases at increasing the field from zero to 15 T by approximately one order of magnitude for all Pr_1−x Y _x Ni₅ compounds. Changing the dilutionx from zero to 0.20, the field whereT _max(B, x) strongly drops is increased from 9 T to 11 T. Our data agree qualitatively with the predictions of a point charge model which considers the Zeeman term in addition to the electronic exchange and the dominating crystal field contributions.     

Polymeric schiff's base chelates and their precursors 8a), some cobalt chelates as catalysts for the isomerization of quadrycyclane to norbornadiene

Summary Starting with Z-2, 3-diamino-2-butenedinitrile as diamine component the synthesis of the low molecular N,N,O,O-chelate 3.Co and its ligand 3 is optimized. An easy synthesis of the chelate 8.Co covalently bound on macroreticular resins is presented. The chelates 8.Co are the most active heterogenous catalysts for the valence isomerization of quadricyclane to norbornadiene today.     

Computing hysteresis points of nonlinear equations depending on two parameters

A direct method is described for computing a hysteresis point (double turning point) corresponding to a cusp point of a system ofn nonlinear equations inn variables depending on two parameters. By addition of two equations a minimally extended system ofn+2 nonlinear equations is constructed for which the hysteresis point is an isolated solution. An efficient implementation of Newton's method is presented not requiring evaluations of second derivatives of the original problem. Two numerical examples show the efficiency of theQ-quadratically convergent method.     

Quantum and Classical Correlations of Spatial and Spin Degrees of Freedom in Quantum Rings

A one-dimensional mesoscopic ring with one input and two output leads acts as a spintronic beam splitter. The spatial degree of freedom, i.e., the presence of two different possible output channels, gets intertwined with the spin direction as a consequence of quantum interference and spin-orbit interaction. We investigate this kind of spatial-spin correlation, and show that the output density operator contains no quantum entanglement in the important special case when the device polarizes a perfectly random input spin state. However, the correlations are in general not purely classical, we also present specific input states with maximal spatial-spin entanglement after the ring.     

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