One-pot synthesis and characterization of subnanometre-size benzotriazolate protected copper clusters

A simple one-pot method for the preparation of subnanometre-size benzotriazolate (BTA) protected copper clusters, Cu(n)BTA(m), is reported. The clusters were analyzed by optical and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy together with computational methods. We suggest a structural motif where the copper core of the Cu(n)BTA(m) clusters is protected by BTA-Cu(i)-BTA units.     

THE FORMATION OF NEW FIRMS BY PEOPLE LIVING IN NON-URBAN SETTINGS

ABSTRACT The topic of the paper is the formation of new firms by people living in non-urban settings. The theoretical background is the social development model which assumes that individuals change throughout their lifetime and that their interactions and social contexts shaper their entrepreneurial characteristics. Furthermore, the characteristics at the immediate environment are connected with the entrepreneurial characteristics of the population. The results suggest that positive development is cumulative, and that rural areas located close to urban ones are in a better position than others in this respect.     

Removal of soft deposits from the distribution system improves the drinking water quality

Deterioration in drinking water quality in distribution networks represents a problem in drinking water distribution. These can be an increase in microbial numbers, an elevated concentration of iron or increased turbidity, all of which affect taste, odor and color in the drinking water. We studied if pipe cleaning would improve the drinking water quality in pipelines. Cleaning was arranged by flushing the pipes with compressed air and water. The numbers of bacteria and the concentrations of iron and turbidity in drinking water were highest at 9 p.m., when the water consumption was highest. Soft deposits inside the pipeline were occasionally released to bulk water, increasing the concentrations of iron, bacteria, microbially available organic carbon and phosphorus in drinking water. The cleaning of the pipeline decreased the diurnal variation in drinking water quality. With respect to iron, only short-term positive effects were obtained. However, removing of the nutrient-rich soft deposits did decrease the microbial growth in the distribution system during summer when there were favorable warm temperatures for microbial growth. No Norwalk-like viruses or coliform bacteria were detected in the soft deposits, in contrast to the high numbers of heterotrophic bacteria.     

Evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for detection of irradiation of chicken and a chicken meat product

A method was developed for the detection of irradiation of chicken and chicken meat products. The method consists of the extraction of fat from chicken skin or a chicken meat product, separation of hydrocarbons with an alumina column and gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses of the hydrocarbons 16:2, 16:3, 17:1 and 17:2 formed from oleic, linoleic and stearic acids during irradiation. These hydrocarbons were only detected in irradiated samples at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The mean concentrations of the hydrocarbons were linearly related to the dose levels of irradiation in the case of chicken fat. The concentrations of two of the hydrocarbons (16:2 and 17:1) gave the best correlation with dose. When a dose of 10 kGy was used, the concentrations of major degradation products were 1.5-5.0 mg/kg fat. The same relationship was not found in the case of chicken meat products because the amounts of hydrocarbons detected after irradiation with the same doses were similar. On the basis of this study it was clearly demonstrated that it is possible to judge analytically whether or not a chicken sample or a chicken meat product has been irradiated at doses of 5 or 10 kGy. It should also be possible to recognise samples irradiated with doses below 5 kGy.     

用碱回收炉提高发电量

20世纪碱回收炉的主要任务是回收有价值的割浆蒸煮药液，发电并不重要。现如今．用娥回收炉采增加发电量的重要性不断提高。这些变化的主要原因是电的价格。本文将介绍增加电产量的传统方法、新的思想和见解，特别是采用冷凝汽轮机其主要目的在于展示这些方法的效果．以便于其结果的可比性。本研究的基本事例为1台传统的碱回收炉，生产能力为4000t(固形物)／d，同时配备有备压汽轮机和冷凝汽轮机。本文将要介绍的方法为：增加黑液固含量、空气预热、吹灰系统、给水预热、蒸汽参数和电除尘后的热回收。     

Identification of 4-Anilinoquin(az)oline as a Cell-Active Protein Kinase Novel 3 (PKN3) Inhibitor Chemotype**

Deep annotation of a library of 4-anilinoquin(az)olines led to the identification of 7-iodo-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-amine 16 as a potent inhibitor (IC₅₀=14 nM) of Protein Kinase Novel 3 (PKN3) with micromolar activity in cells. Compound 16 is a potential tool compound to study the cell biology of PKN3 and its role in pancreatic and prostate cancer and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These 4-anilinoquin(az)olines may also be useful tools to uncover the therapeutic potential of PKN3 inhibition in a broad range of diseases.