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951.
Orsino Oliveira Filho Jose Antonio Cardoso Darcy Ramalho de Mello Rogerio Magalhges de Azevedo Sylvia G Carvalho 《高电压技术》2011,37(11):2772-2779
Studies based on AC high voltage tests have been done at Cepel to investigate the performance of 800 kV bushar insulators under heavy wetting conditions. Insulators were tested which are now used on si... 相似文献
952.
A library of thiol‐terminated methacrylate telomers aimed for use in surface modifications of chromatographic support materials has been prepared by iniferter mediated polymerization, using isopropylxanthic disulfide as a photoiniferter. The telomers range from hydrophobic to hydrophilic and were prepared in different lengths, with the length being adjusted by the ratio of monomer to iniferter used in the polymerization mixture. The telomers were characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. In initial surface characterization experiments, the prepared telomers were attached to the inner surface of fused silica capillaries by radical initiated addition to vinyl groups, and the electro‐osmotic flow (EOF) in the prepared capillaries was determined in a capillary electrophoresis set‐up. The EOF measurements verified surface grafting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
953.
Aqueous solutions of ethoxylated alcohols which form lyotropic liquid crystals at high concentrations (40–80%) were selected as model lubricating substances. Microscopic studies under polarized light and viscosity measurements were carried out in order to confirm the presence of liquid crystalline structures in the case of alcohol solutions with ethoxylation degrees of 3, 5, 7 and 10. Microscopic images and viscosity coefficient values characteristic of various mesophases were obtained. As expected, the viscosity of LLCs decreases considerably with an increase in shearing rate which is characteristic of liquid crystals being non-Newtonian liquids. Antiseizure properties were determined by means of a four-ball machine (T-02 Tester) and characterized by scuffing load (Pt), seizure load (Poz) and limiting pressure of seizure (poz). Alcohol ethoxylates forming mesophases in aqueous solutions have the strongest effect on the Pt values which are several times higher than those measured in the presence of water. Ethoxylates with higher degrees of ethoxylation exhibit higher values of scuffing load. Those changes have been interpreted as a result of higher cloud points at which those compounds lose their amphiphilic properties. In general, the presence of mesophases in the bulk phase and particularly in the surface phase may lead to the formation of a lubricant film which separates the frictionally cooperating elements of a friction pair. The antiseizure efficiency of alcohol solutions is highest up to the load value which does not exceed the scuffing load value. 相似文献
954.
Hervandil Morosini Sant’Anna Murilo Fonseca Leal 《Engineering Fracture Mechanics》2011,78(8):1669-1683
PSA pressure vessels are equipments used in refining industries for cleaning the hydrogen upcoming from the reforming or hydrogen generation unities. In one regular inspection, some embedded cracks were found in the entrance nozzle-head weld. Then, instead of advance its decommissioning and waste much time until the refinery purchase a new vessel, a structural stress analysis using the finite element method was performed in order to obtain the stress field at the site of the crack, considering the real loading cycle. Despite the acting load is only the internal pressure, the nozzle-head weld is a region where a complex stress state is present (bending and axial stresses). ASME VIII Division 2, Appendix 5 addresses this issue by applying a rule for multiaxial fatigue life estimation for non-proportional loading. With ASME estimated fatigue life results, it was applied the British Standard 7910 procedure to decide if the equipment can operate safely. The calculation also assesses the crack growing by using a modified bi-linear Paris law. Finally, it was computed how long the cracks would take to get to their critical size and then retire definitively the equipment. 相似文献
955.
The aim of our study is to obtain theoretical limits for the gain that can be expected when using handover prediction and to determine the sensitivity of the system performance against different parameters. We apply an average-reward reinforcement learning approach based on afterstates to the design of optimal admission control policies in mobile multimedia cellular networks where predictive information related to the occurrence of future handovers is available. We consider a type of predictor that labels active mobile terminals in the cell neighborhood a fixed amount of time before handovers are predicted to occur, which we call the anticipation time. The admission controller exploits this information to reserve resources efficiently. We show that there exists an optimum value for the anticipation time at which the highest performance gain is obtained. Although the optimum anticipation time depends on system parameters, we find that its value changes very little when the system parameters vary within a reasonable range. We also find that, in terms of system performance, deploying prediction is always advantageous when compared to a system without prediction, even when the system parameters are estimated with poor precision. 相似文献
956.
957.
Abstract The distribution of anionic groups in fibres, fines, the colloidal fraction, and the dissolved fraction of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) suspensions was determined. The influence of extraction, alkaline treatment, and peroxide bleaching of spruce TMP were also studied. Spruce TMP was extracted with hexane, treated with alkali, or bleached with peroxide. Suspensions were made at pH 5.5 or 8, and fractionated into long fibres, large fines, small fines, a colloidal fraction, and a dissolved fraction. The surface and total charge of the fractions were determined separately by polyelectrolyte titration. To determine the origin of the charges, the contents of fatty acids, resin acids, and acidic units in polysaccharides in the different fractions were determined by gas chromatography. Extraction of TMP with hexane prior to fractionation increased the measured total and surface charge of the fibres. The removal of wood resin probably uncovered some anionic groups on the fibre surface, or improved the penetration of the polymers into the pores of the fibres. The total charge, determined with polybrene titration, of the fines and the colloidal fraction was lower when the resin had been removed, while the surface charge, determined with poly-DADMAC, was not greatly affected. Alkaline treatment of the TMP increased both the total charge and the surface charge of the fibres and fines, mainly because of demethylation of pectins. Alkaline treatment also increased the total and surface charge of the dissolved substances, due to the release of pectic acids into the water phase. Alkaline peroxide bleaching further increased the total and surface charge of fibres and dissolved substances, most likely due to oxidation of lignin. The total charge and the surface charge of the colloidal substances, consisting mainly of wood resin, were only slightly affected by alkaline treatment and peroxide bleaching. The anionic charge in TMP suspensions originated mainly from free uronic acids in the xylans, arabinogalactans, and pectic acids. The contribution from the fatty and resin acids was substantial only for the colloidal fraction. 相似文献
958.
Cristina Formicola Anna De Fenzo Mauro Zarrelli Michele Giordano Vincenza Antonucci 《Polymer International》2011,60(2):304-311
Smoke is considered to be the main hazard of fires involving epoxy resins but its production depends on many variables, principally the chemical character and the burning rate of the polymer plus the availability of oxygen. The work reported aimed to study the smoke suppressant effect and flammability performance of zinc‐based compounds (FR system) in epoxy matrix composites used in the aerospace and aeronautical industry. The flammability performance of neat and FR‐loaded systems was screened using microcombustion calorimetry, while smoke generation, in terms of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production, was analysed under dynamic conditions using cone calorimetry. Final results indicate that the dispersion of zinc borate and zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) into epoxy matrices leads to a significant variation in flame retardant properties reducing both total heat release by about 25 and 30%, respectively, and heat release capacity by about 30 and 50%, respectively. The system containing ZHS shows an enhancement in all smoke suppressant properties; both tin compounds (zinc stannate (ZS) and ZHS) give a reduction of CO2/CO ratio from 41 to 25 for ZS and from 41 to 36 for ZHS compared to neat matrix. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
959.
ABSTRACT Aliphatic carboxylic acid amides were found to cause synergistic shifts in the pH50values for the extraction of the trivalent rare-earth metals from chloride media by solutions of alkylsalicylic acids in xylene. For the different types of amide examined, the synergistic shifts for the extraction of neodymium by 3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid (DIPSA) generally decrease in the order : R.CO.NR2’ > R.CO.NHR’ > R.CO.NH2, where R and R’ are alkyl groups. With the N,N-dialkyl amides (R.CO.NR2’) and the W-alkyl amides (R.CO.NHR’), the extent of the synergistic effect decreases with increasing chain-branching in either of the alkyl groups R and R’. For additions to 0.25 M alkylsalicylic acid, the synergistic effect increases with concentrations of up to 0.1 M amide, and decreases with higher concentrations. The extent of the synergistic shift produced by a given amide, as well as the separation in pH50 values from lanthanum to lutetium, increases with increasing steric bulk of the alkylsalicylic acid used. The separations between adjacent lanthanides are too small to be of any practical interest, however. Measurement of the solubility of salicylic acids (HA) in xylene containing various amounts of N,N-daalky amide (L) indicate that essentially complete formation of the HA.L adduct takes place. Treatment of metal-distribution data by slope analysis, and measurement of the solubility of the neodymium-DIPSA complex in xylene in the presence of amide suggest that the mixed-ligand complex has the stoichiometry NdA3L2. 相似文献
960.
Antonio Lopez Martin Jose Maria Algueta Miguel Lucia Acosta Jaime Ramírez‐Angulo Ramón Gonzalez Carvajal 《ETRI Journal》2011,33(3):393-400
A systematic approach for the design of two‐stage class AB CMOS unity‐gain buffers is proposed. It is based on the inclusion of a class AB operation to class A Miller amplifier topologies in unity‐gain negative feedback by a simple technique that does not modify quiescent currents, supply requirements, noise performance, or static power. Three design examples are fabricated in a 0.5 µm CMOS process. Measurement results show slew rate improvement factors of approximately 100 for the class AB buffers versus their class A counterparts for the same quiescent power consumption (< 200 µW). 相似文献