Negative giant surface potential of vacuum-evaporated tris(7-propyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum(III) [Al(7-Prq)3] film

Negative giant surface potential was realized in a vacuum-evaporated film of tris(7-propyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum(III) [Al(7-Prq)₃]. Electroabsorption response of the film presented an inverted polarity to that of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (Alq₃), suggesting opposite noncentrosymmetry of molecular orientation. Asymmetric dice model with molecular geometric effect has been proposed, and propyl substitution at 7 position of the ligands was indicated to affects the molecular posture on the surface to invert the polarity of noncentrosymmetry. Our results opened a new possibility of controlling molecular orientation in a film for device applications.     

Downlink channel covariance matrix (DCCM) estimation and itsapplications in wireless DS-CDMA systems

The downlink channel covariance matrix (DCCM) is of vital importance in determining downlink beamforming weights for base station (BS) antenna array systems. For the frequency-division-duplex (FDD) mode, DCCM is difficult to obtain due to a lack of direct measurement of downlink channel responses. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed for estimating DCCM using uplink channel responses only, which does not need direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and its association. The downlink beamforming scheme is then proposed for wireless DS-CDMA systems, using the obtained DCCM information together with the so-called virtual uplink beamforming and power control technique. Computer simulations show that using the BS antenna array together with this new beamforming technique can provide larger system capacity than traditional DOA-based approaches, which just direct the main beam toward the desired user     

On the leverage of high-fT transistors foradvanced high-speed bipolar circuits

A detailed study on the leverage of high-f_T transistors for advanced high-speed bipolar circuit applications is presented. It is shown that for the standard ECL (emitter-coupled logic) circuit, the leverage of high f_T is limited by the passive resistors (emitter-follower resistor and collector load resistor) and wire delay, especially in the low-power regime. For the standard NTL (nonthreshold logic) circuit, the leverage is higher due to its front-end configuration and lower power supply value. As the passive resistors are decoupled from the delay path in various advanced circuits utilizing active-pull-down schemes, the leverage of high F_T becomes more significant     

Dual-material gate (DMG) field effect transistor

A generic new type of field effect transistor (FET), the dual material gate (DMG) FET, is proposed and demonstrated. The gate of the DMGFET consists of two laterally contacting materials with different work functions. This novel gate structure takes advantage of material work function difference in such a way that the threshold voltage near the source is more positive than that near the drain (for n-channel FET, the opposite for p-channel FET), resulting in a more rapid acceleration of charge carriers in the channel and a screening effect to suppress short-channel effects. Using the heterostructure FET as a vehicle, the principle, computer simulation results, design guidelines, processing, and characterization of the DMGFET are discussed in detail     

Defect Engineering in Ambipolar Layered Materials for Mode-Regulable Nociceptor

Defect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping-induced conversion of conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe₂) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom-vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe₂ transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.     

Tunable monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked quantum-well lasers

The tunabilities of both the wavelength and the pulse-width of monolithic mode-locked semiconductor lasers are demonstrated. Pulses shorter than 1.6 ps, tunable over 8.8 mu m, have been generated by a temperature-tuned monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) quantum-well laser. For a fixed wavelength, the pulse-width is independently controlled from 1.2 ps to longer than 3 ps by external bandpass filters. Near transform-limited time-bandwidth products of 0.34 were maintained throughout the tuning processes.<>     

Efficient encoding of IEEE 802.11n LDPC codes

Addressed is the issue of LDPC coding for the emerging IEEE 802.11n standard. An efficient encoding algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is simple and easy to implement. The memory requirement is trivial     

A Novel Character Segmentation Method for Text Images Captured by Cameras

Due to the rapid development of mobile devices equipped with cameras, instant translation of any text seen in any context is possible. Mobile devices can serve as a translation tool by recognizing the texts presented in the captured scenes. Images captured by cameras will embed more external or unwanted effects which need not to be considered in traditional optical character recognition (OCR). In this paper, we segment a text image captured by mobile devices into individual single characters to facilitate OCR kernel processing. Before proceeding with character segmentation, text detection and text line construction need to be performed in advance. A novel character segmentation method which integrates touched character filters is employed on text images captured by cameras. In addition, periphery features are extracted from the segmented images of touched characters and fed as inputs to support vector machines to calculate the confident values. In our experiment, the accuracy rate of the proposed character segmentation system is 94.90%, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

熔石英亚表面微缺陷原位表征及损伤阈值研究

通过对熔石英表面和亚表面划痕的原位测量,研究划痕的表面均方根(RMS)粗糙度、宽度和深度在HF溶液中刻蚀不同时间后的变化规律,测试了不同刻蚀时间下熔石英的损伤阈值。实验结果表明:随刻蚀时间的增加,表面RMS、划痕深度及宽度的总体变化趋势是增加的;熔石英的损伤阈值随刻蚀时间的增加,在1～10min时间段呈增加趋势,在20～40 min时间段呈下降趋势,而在60～120 min时间段先增加后降低。综合熔石英划痕的微观形貌损伤阈值的测量结果认为,刻蚀10 min时效果最佳。