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11.
12.
This paper deals with EMIL-S, a software tool box which was designed during the EMIL project for the simulation of processes during which norms emerged in an agent society. This tool box implements the cognitive architecture of normative agents which was designed during the EMIL project which is also discussed in other papers in this issue. This implementation is described in necessary detail, and two examples of its application to several different scenarios are given, namely a scenario in which persons involved in micro finance are simulated and learn how to sanction free riders and how to learn from these sanctions, and a scenario in which simulated persons move through a simulated airport where they more often than not have to wait in queues and learn how to behave properly in queues. 相似文献
13.
We consider supplier-credit contracting between a manufacturer and a liquidity-constrained dealer. We show that the timeliness according to which the dealer receives demand information has a significant impact on the optimal contract. If the manufacturer cannot be sure that a dealer without liquidity has demand information when the contract is written, the optimal contract assigns the same quantity to an ignorant dealer and a dealer who knows that there are unfavorable demand conditions. However, dealers with favorable demand information are screened. If the dealer??s liquidity rises, the manufacturer proposes a contract that resembles the solution of a classic adverse selection model in the spirit of Harris et?al. (Manag Sci 28:604?C620, 1982). For high liquidity, the optimal supplier-credit contract assigns the same quantity to an ignorant dealer and dealers who have favorable demand information whereas dealers with unfavorable demand information are screened. 相似文献
14.
Barry Haseltine Tor‐Ulf Weck Lars Meyer Rob van der Pluijm Oliver Dupont Christoph Alfes Wolfram Jaeger John Roberts Jonathan Silver Dirk Martens O. Pfeffermann Bastian Drewes Erhard Gunkler Jan Kubica Nebojsa Mojsilovic Erhard Gunkler Johann Marx Armin Ohler Hipolito Sousa Rui Sousa Romeu S. Vicente J. R. Mendes Silva Roberto Capozucca 《Mauerwerk》2011,15(6):348-361
15.
Cecilia A Svelander Evelina A Tibäck Lilia M Ahrné Maud IBC Langton Ulf SO Svanberg Marie AG Alminger 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2010,90(10):1665-1672
BACKGROUND: Human studies have demonstrated that processing of tomato can greatly increase lycopene bioavailability. However, the difference between processing methods is not widely investigated. In the current study different thermal treatments of tomato were evaluated with regard to their impact on in vitro bioaccessibility and retention of lycopene and β‐carotene as well as textural properties. Thermal treatments used were low (60 °C) and high (90 °C) temperature blanching followed by boiling. RESULTS: Lycopene was relatively stable during thermal treatment, whereas β‐carotene was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all heat treatments except for low temperature blanching. In vitro bioaccessibility of lycopene was significantly increased from 5.1 ± 0.2 to 9.2 ± 1.8 and 9.7 ± 0.6 mg kg?1 for low and high temperature blanching, respectively. An additional boiling step after blanching did not further improve lycopene bioaccessibility for any treatment, but significantly reduced the consistency of low temperature treated samples. CONCLUSION: Choice and order of processing treatments can have a large impact on both lycopene bioavailability and texture of tomato products. Further investigations are needed, but this study provides one of the first steps towards tomato products tailored to optimise nutritional benefits. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Hellström AM Almgren A Carlsson NG Svanberg U Andlid TA 《International journal of food microbiology》2012,153(1-2):73-77
The fermented cereal-based gruel togwa is used as weaning food for children in Tanzania. Togwa is rich in minerals but these are often not available for uptake in the human intestine due to natural inhibitors, such as phytate (IP(6)). The yeasts Pichia kudriavzevii TY13, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii TY14 and TY20, isolated from Tanzanian togwa, and selected for high phytase activity in complex yeast medium YPD, were now studied regarding their ability to degrade IP(6) in maize-based model togwa. A modified constitutively high-phytase producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY80 and commercial Aspergillus ficuum phytase were included for comparison. In addition, a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was included in the model-togwa set-up. All yeasts in the study grew and reached final cell density 1.5-2 log units higher than the start value. S. cerevisiae BY80 degraded 85% of the IP(6) in 48 h; the same degradation level as with A. ficuum phytase (89%). Of the togwa-isolated yeasts, P. kudriavzevii TY13 and H. guilliermondii TY14 showed strong phytate degradation in the model-togwa; 95% or more of the initial IP(6) was degraded after 48 h. This corresponds to a remaining level of 0.4 and 0.3μmol IP(6)/g dw. Co-inoculation with L. plantarum did not increase IP(6) degradation. Moreover, fermentation with P. kudriavzevii TY13 yielded a successive increase in inorganic phosphate (P(i)), from 0.7 to 5.4 mM, suggesting a phytase production in TY13 which is fairly insensitive to P(i) repression. The study shows that phytate in a model togwa is available for yeast phytase enzymes, and addresses the importance of strain selection for effectively degrading the phytate. Certain yeasts originating from togwa seem to have developed a natural high phytase production, and P. kudriavzevii TY13 and H. guilliermondii TY14 seem particularly well adapted to phytate degradation in togwa, and is our choice for further studies and strain improvement. 相似文献
17.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of partially hydrogenated vegetable and marine oils on membrane
composition and function of liver microsomes and platelets with particular reference to the metabolism of linoleic acid and
the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. Four groups of male weanling rats were fed linoleic acid supplemented diets
containing 20% (w/w) of partially hydrogenated low erucic acid rapeseed oil (HLRSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (HHO),
olive oil (OO) and trierucin + triolein (TE) for 10 weeks. An additional two groups were fed partially hydrogenated low erucic
acid rapeseed oil and partially hydrogenated herring oil without linoleic acid supplementation (HLRSO- and HHO-, respectively).
Substantial amounts oftrans fatty acids were incorporated into liver microsomes (12.6% in group HLRSO) and platelets (7.0% in group HLRSO-). This incorporation
was not dependent on the dietary linoleic acid level. Hepatic microsomal Δ5-desaturase activity was significantly increased after HLRSO feeding compared to OO feeding. Δ6-Desaturase activity did not vary in the linoleic acid supplemented groups. Both Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase activities were significantly increased in groups without linoleic acid supplementation.
Docosenoic acid was incorporated into platelet phospholipids in contrast to liver microsomes. In the platelet, docosenoic
acid seemed to have a special preference for phosphatidylserine. Very small amounts were incorporated into platelet phosphatidylinositol.
Feeding diets HLRSO, HHO and OO did not influence rat platelet cyclooxygenase or 12-lipoxygenase activity. Platelets from
rats fed TE, however, produced significantly less 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) than platelets from
rats fed OO. Feeding of HLRSO- and HHO- resulted in a significantly diminished production of the arachidonic acid metabolites
12-HETE, 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α in stimulated platelets and aorta. Thus, high dietary levels oftrans isomers of monoenoic acids do not interfere with platelet cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase activity provided sufficient amounts
of linoleic acid are available. 相似文献
18.
The erosion-corrosion characteristics of a 2.25 Cr-1 Mo steel at low particle velocities and elevated temperatures were determined using a nozzle type laboratory erosion tester. The tests were performed with 180–360 μm angular alumina particles at 60° angle of impingement at low particle velocities of 2.6–8.2 m/s and in the temperature interval 20–600°C. The steel was tested both in the as-received condition as well as in two preoxidized conditions. The erosion-corrosion rate of the steel, both in the as-received and in the preoxidized conditions, was found to increase with increasing particle velocity. In contrast, the wastage rates were relatively independent of temperature in the temperature range investigated, the only exception being specimens exposed to the lowest particle velocity (2.6 m/s) at the very highest temperature, i.e. 600°C, which displayed a drastic increase in wastage. Specimens preoxidized at 700°C exhibited a somewhat higher erosion rate compared with non-preoxidized specimens and specimens preoxidized at 500°C. Microscopy revealed four different major wastage mechanisms, i.e. (i) plastic deformation, cracking and micro chipping of surface material of a size corresponding to the area impinged by eroding particles, (ii) chipping of somewhat larger oxide fragments (up to 10–15 μm in diameter), (iii) chipping or spalling of relatively large oxide fragments (up to 30–50 μm in diameter), and (iv) spalling along the steel-oxide interface or within an oxide layer due to cohesive failure, of larger (up to 500 μm in diameter) oxide layer fragments. In the present study extensive spalling was only observed for non-preoxidized specimens exposed to the lowest particle velocity (2.6 m/s) and the two highest specimen temperatures (550°C and 600°C). 相似文献
19.
虽然细胞分子生物学近年来发展很快,但是细胞培养的方法变化很慢.将近一个世纪以前发明的有盖培养皿至今仍在常规使用,但它已经不适合许多用来观察和分析活体细胞内发生的变化的现代光学分析方法.这篇文章描述了一种细胞培养芯片装置,它能有效地用于细胞培养和随后的高端光学分析,比如荧光和共焦显微镜方法. 相似文献
20.
Kimberly Sturk-Andreaggi Joseph D. Ring Adam Ameur Ulf Gyllensten Martin Bodner Walther Parson Charla Marshall Marie Allen 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(4)
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data present a readily available resource for mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) haplotypes that can be utilized for genetics research including population studies. However, the reconstruction of the mitogenome is complicated by nuclear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segments (NUMTs) that co-align with the mtDNA sequences and mimic authentic heteroplasmy. Two minimum variant detection thresholds, 5% and 10%, were assessed for the ability to produce authentic mitogenome haplotypes from a previously generated WGS dataset. Variants associated with NUMTs were detected in the mtDNA alignments for 91 of 917 (~8%) Swedish samples when the 5% frequency threshold was applied. The 413 observed NUMT variants were predominantly detected in two regions (nps 12,612–13,105 and 16,390–16,527), which were consistent with previously documented NUMTs. The number of NUMT variants was reduced by ~97% (400) using a 10% frequency threshold. Furthermore, the 5% frequency data were inconsistent with a platinum-quality mitogenome dataset with respect to observed heteroplasmy. These analyses illustrate that a 10% variant detection threshold may be necessary to ensure the generation of reliable mitogenome haplotypes from WGS data resources. 相似文献