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91.
92.
Karin S Hougaard Keld A Jensen Pernille Nordly Camilla Taxvig Ulla Vogel Anne T Saber Håkan Wallin 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2008,5(1):1-15
Background
Results from epidemiological studies indicate that particulate air pollution constitutes a hazard for human health. Recent studies suggest that diesel exhaust possesses endocrine activity and therefore may affect reproductive outcome. This study in mice aimed to investigate whether exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST 2975) would affect gestation, postnatal development, activity, learning and memory, and biomarkers of transplacental toxicity. Pregnant mice (C57BL/6; BomTac) were exposed to 19 mg/m3 DEP (~1·106 particles/cm3; mass median diameter ? 240 nm) on gestational days 9–19, for 1 h/day.Results
Gestational parameters were similar in control and diesel groups. Shortly after birth, body weights of DEP offspring were slightly lower than in controls. This difference increased during lactation, so by weaning the DEP exposed offspring weighed significantly less than the control progeny. Only slight effects of exposure were observed on cognitive function in female DEP offspring and on biomarkers of exposure to particles or genotoxic substances.Conclusion
In utero exposure to DEP decreased weight gain during lactation. Cognitive function and levels of biomarkers of exposure to particles or to genotoxic substances were generally similar in exposed and control offspring. The particle size and chemical composition of the DEP and differences in exposure methods (fresh, whole exhaust versus aged, resuspended DEP) may play a significant role on the biological effects observed in this compared to other studies. 相似文献93.
Haverinen-Shaughnessy U Hyvärinen A Putus T Nevalainen A 《The Science of the total environment》2008,399(1-3):19-27
Based on seven case studies of buildings that underwent different degrees of moisture and mold damage remediation, we aimed to develop methodology for assessment of the success of the remediation process. Methods used in gauging the success included technical monitoring of performance of building structures and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, microbial monitoring of indoor air quality (IAQ), and health effects studies of building occupants. The assessment was based on measurable change in the situations before and after remediation. Based on technical monitoring, remediation was successful in three cases, with partial improvement noted in three cases, whereas no remediation was conducted in one case. Based on microbial monitoring, improvement was detected in one, partial improvement in two and no improvement in two cases, whereas no follow-up was conducted in two cases. Health effect studies (mainly self-reported health status) showed improvement in one case, partial improvement in two cases, and no improvement in two cases, whereas no follow-up was conducted in one case, and in one case, follow-up failed due to low response rate. The results illustrate that it is possible to monitor the effects of remediation using various metrics. However, in some cases, no improvement could be observed in IAQ or occupant health, even if the remediation was considered technically successful, i.e. the remediation was fully completed as recommended. This could be due to many reasons, including: 1) all damage may not have been addressed adequately; 2) IAQ or health may not have been perceived improved regardless of remediation; and/or 3) the methods used may not have been sensitive/specific enough to detect such improvement within the 6-12 months follow-up periods after completion of the remediation. There is a need to further develop tools for monitoring and assessment of the success of moisture damage remediation in buildings. 相似文献
94.
“To Catch or Not to Catch”: Microcapsule‐Based Sandwich Assay for Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 下载免费PDF全文
Sujit K. Verma Amanda Amoah Ulla Schellhaas Mathias Winterhalter Sebastian Springer Tatiana A. Kolesnikova 《Advanced functional materials》2016,26(33):6015-6024
The development of new assays that specifically detect intermediate or final products of biotechnological processes or multiple analytes in biomedical research is important for diagnostics and biotechnology. This study presents a microcapsule‐based sandwich assay for detection of proteins and nucleic acids using flow cytometry as an optical readout. The main component of the assay are robust chemically cross‐linked microcapsules that are coated with adaptor proteins such as protein A or streptavidin. In the first approach, the ability of detecting the blood cancer biomarker beta‐2 microglobulin in the fM to pM concentration range with the help of protein A‐coated capsules is demonstrated. In the second approach, streptavidin‐coated capsules are used for detection of nucleic acids in the nM concentration range. The developed assay allows rapid quantitative analyte measurement, while providing high sensitivity and selectivity at very small sample quantities. In the future, protein A‐ and streptavidin‐coated microcapsules can be used as universal tools for detection of a broad range of analytes. 相似文献
95.
Julie A Bourdon Anne T Saber Nicklas R Jacobsen Keld A Jensen Anne M Madsen Jacob S Lamson Håkan Wallin Peter Møller Steffen Loft Carole L Yauk Ulla B Vogel 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2012,9(1):1-14
Background
Widespread occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) raises concerns over their safety. CBNPs are genotoxic in vitro but less is known about their genotoxicity in various organs in vivo.Methods
We investigated inflammatory and acute phase responses, DNA strand breaks (SB) and oxidatively damaged DNA in C57BL/6 mice 1, 3 and 28 days after a single instillation of 0.018, 0.054 or 0.162 mg Printex 90 CBNPs, alongside sham controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed for cellular composition. SB in BAL cells, whole lung and liver were assessed using the alkaline comet assay. Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) sensitive sites were assessed as an indicator of oxidatively damaged DNA. Pulmonary and hepatic acute phase response was evaluated by Saa3 mRNA real-time quantitative PCR.Results
Inflammation was strongest 1 and 3 days post-exposure, and remained elevated for the two highest doses (i.e., 0.054 and 0.162 mg) 28 days post-exposure (P < 0.001). SB were detected in lung at all doses on post-exposure day 1 (P < 0.001) and remained elevated at the two highest doses until day 28 (P < 0.05). BAL cell DNA SB were elevated relative to controls at least at the highest dose on all post-exposure days (P < 0.05). The level of FPG sensitive sites in lung was increased throughout with significant increases occurring on post-exposure days 1 and 3, in comparison to controls (P < 0.001-0.05). SB in liver were detected on post-exposure days 1 (P < 0.001) and 28 (P < 0.001). Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts in BAL correlated strongly with FPG sensitive sites in lung (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), whereas no such correlation was observed with SB (r = 0.52, P = 0.08). CBNP increased the expression of Saa3 mRNA in lung tissue on day 1 (all doses), 3 (all doses) and 28 (0.054 and 0.162 mg), but not in liver.Conclusions
Deposition of CBNPs in lung induces inflammatory and genotoxic effects in mouse lung that persist considerably after the initial exposure. Our results demonstrate that CBNPs may cause genotoxicity both in the primary exposed tissue, lung and BAL cells, and in a secondary tissue, the liver. 相似文献96.
Margarete Schlosser Sabrina Fröls Ulla Hauf Ingo Sethmann Stefanie Schultheiss Felicitas Pfeifer Hans‐Joachim Kleebe 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(2):412-419
Two processing methods were successfully combined to obtain Ag‐modified calcium phosphate scaffolds with antibacterial properties: (i) hydrothermal conversion of macroporous biogenic carbonates and (ii) vapor transport sintering. Hydrothermal conversion of two precursor materials, i.e., coral skeletons and sea urchin spines, resulted in the pseudomorphic replacement of highly porous calcium carbonates by calcium phosphate scaffolds. Vapor transport sintering of these scaffolds within a reactive AgCl atmosphere facilitated near net‐shape processing accompanied by the condensation of finely dispersed Ag‐bearing particles over the scaffold's surface. Chemical and phase compositions were analyzed using WDXRF, XRD, and DRIFTS (FTIR), and the microstructure development was characterized by SEM and TEM imaging. The dissolution kinetics of Ag+ ions in aqueous solution was determined and growth inhibition experiments with Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were performed to assess the antibacterial properties of Ag‐modified ceramics. 相似文献
97.
Marie Groenbaek Ulla Kidmose Erik Tybirk Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen 《Journal of food science》2019,84(7):1888-1899
The chemical and sensory quality of field‐grown vegetables may be influenced by cultivar choice and agronomic factors but knowledge is lacking on the new rapeseed vegetables. White‐ and yellow‐flowering rapeseed cultivars were tested in two seasonally different field studies in Denmark at three different growing stages by early sowing the first year and late sowing the second year. Content of glucosinolates (GLSs) was analyzed, and the sensory quality of baby leaf samples was evaluated. The GLS content differed among cultivars across years in all growing stages, with biennial cultivars having the highest GLS content. In the second year, a higher content of all identified GLSs was found at two growing stages except for neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin, compared to the first year. On the contrary, higher contents of all identified GLSs were found at a third stage in the first year except for progoitrin and 4‐methoxy glucobrassicin. Sensory evaluation of bitterness revealed differences among cultivars, higher intensities of bitterness in biennial cultivars, and a relationship between bitterness and content of bitter‐tasting and total GLSs. The effect of repeated harvesting on GLS content differed between the years and no general pattern was seen, except that the composition of individual GLSs was comparable for the biennial cultivars. We conclude that growing season and life cycle had a stronger influence on GLS content than stage at harvest. The link between bitter‐tasting GLSs and bitterness revealed that life cycle and seasonal effects affected the sensory profile of baby leaf rapeseed thereby making a healthier product due to high content of health‐beneficial GLSs. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Anders Leufvén Ulla Stöllman 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1992,194(4):355-359
Summary The effectiveness of five polymer films as aroma barriers at 5° C, 25° C and 75° C was investigated by determining their permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients for aldehyde vapours. Ethylvinyl acetatelaminated polyethene was not a better aldehyde barrier than its unlaminated counterpart. Polyvinyl chloride was found to be an inferior aldehyde barrier at 5° C compared to the other investigated polymers.
Kunststoff-Filme als Aroma-Barrieren bei verschiedenen Temperaturen
Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von fünf Kunststoff-Filmen als Aroma-Barrieren wurde bei 5 °C, 25 °C und 75 °C durch die Bestimmung ihrer Permeabilität, Diffusion und Löslichkeitskoeffizienten in bezug auf Aldehyddämpfe untersucht. Polyäthen mit Schichtstoff Äthylvinylacetat war keine bessere Aldehyd-Barriere als seine entsprechenden unlaminierten Filme. PVC hat sich als eine schlechtere Aldehyd-Barriere bei 5 °C im Vergleich zu den anderen untersuchten Polymeren erwiesen.相似文献