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111.
A. Schüppen A. Gruhle H. Kibbel U. König 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》1995,6(5):298-305
SiGe-HBTs have the potential for outstanding analog and digital or mixed-signal high frequency circuits widely based on standard Si technology. Here we review on MBE grown transistors and circuits. Processes and results of a research-like SiGe HBT and two possible production relevant HBT versions are presented. The high frequency results with fmax and fT up to 120 GHz and a minimum noise figure of 0.9 dB at 10 GHz demonstrate the advantage of using MBE samples with steep and high base doping and high germanium contents. A comparison to the concept of reported low doped, low germanium and triangular profiled SiGe base layers, realized by UHV-CVD, is given. In addition, some circuit demonstrators of SiGe-ICs will be presented. 相似文献
112.
113.
The High Field Project at Dresden/Rossendorf: A Pulsed 100 T/10 ms Laboratory at an Infrared Free-Electron-Laser Facility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Herrmannsdörfer H. Krug F. Pobell S. Zherlitsyn H. Eschrig J. Freudenberger K. H. Müller L. Schultz 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2003,133(1-2):41-59
This article describes the project to build a pulsed magnetic field user laboratory at the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf near Dresden. Using a 50 MJ/24 kV capacitor bank, pulsed fields and rise times of 100 T/10 ms, 70 T/100 ms, and 60 T/1 s should be achieved. The laboratory will be built next to a free-electron-laser-facility for the middle and far infrared (5 to 150 µm, 2 ps, cw). We describe the work which has been performed until now to start the construction of the laboratory in 2003: coil concepts and computer simulations, materials development for the high field coils, and design of the capacitor bank modules. In addition, a pilot laboratory has been set up where fields up to 62 T/15 ms have been obtained with a 1 MJ/10 kV capacitor module. It is used to gain experience in the operation of such a facility and to test various parts of it. In this test laboratory special devices have been developed for measurements of magnetization and magnetoresistance, and have been successfully used to investigate various materials including semiconductors and Heavy Fermion compounds. In particular, metamagnetic transitions in intermetallic compounds and the irreversibility field of a high-T
c superconductor have been determined. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations have been observed in the semimetallic compound CeBiPt. Resistance relaxation has been observed to start less than 1second after the field pulse. It could be shown for the first time that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is detectable in pulsed fields. 相似文献
114.
J. G. Zheng Xiaoqing Pan M. Schweizer U. Weimar W. Göpel M. Rühle 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(9):2317-2324
Atomic structures of crystallographic shear planes (CSPs) in nanocrystalline thin films of semiconductor SnO2 were investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. The films were prepared by electron beam evaporation in high vacuum (10–6 torr) and followed by annealing in synthetic air at 700 °C for 1–2 H. CSPs with the displacement vector of [1/2 0 1/2] were observed in the planes parallel to (¯101), (110) and (¯3¯21). Most of the CPSs were found to terminate or interact with each other within SnO2 crystallites. Partial dislocations exist at terminal places of CSPs or along intersecting lines of CSPs. CSP steps were also observed. Structural models of these defects have been proposed. Based on analysis of experimental data, it has been suggested that the Sn/O ratio at CSPs which are not parallel to their displacement vector, at cores of partial dislocations and at CSP steps, is higher than that of the perfect structure, that is, these defects are able to provide extra free electrons with the films. 相似文献
115.
The application of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost increases both the trace metal loading and the organic matter in the soil. To characterize the quality and metal-binding capacity of the compost OM, we extracted humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) from mature MSW compost and analyzed them for elemental composition, acid-titratable functional groups, total metal content, and structural components (by 13C NMR). HA constituted 67% of all extracted humic substances and differed significantly from HAs of cultivated lands: The compost HA exhibited smaller molecular size, a higher N content, and lower aromaticity due to large amounts of saturated aliphatic components. Metal complexation studies of the extracted HA and FA were performed by equilibrium dialysis titration. The complexing capacity (CC) was highest for Cu: CCHA = 3357 and CCFA = 5221 μmol Cu g−1 of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at pH 5. Zn and Cd were bound (at pH 7) in smaller concentrations: CCHA(Zn) = 2167, CCFA(Zn) = 2809, CCHA(Cd) = 2386, and CCFA(Cd) = 2468 μmol metal g−1 of DOC. Stability constants for binding on the strongest sites (pKint) were determined as pKintHA = 6.6 and pKintFA = 7.3 for Cu at pH 5; and pKintHA = 8.0 and pKintFA = 6.4 for Cd at pH 7. Since these measured parameters fall within the ranges of values obtained for soil humic substances, we conclude that in soils with little organic matter, compost addition will significantly increase the amount of highly reactive organic complexing agents for trace metals in the soil. 相似文献
116.
117.
Klaus Fröhlich Öve Gerfried Zeichen 《e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik》1998,115(4):226-226
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
118.
Prednisolone therapy of idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease: a double-blind clinical study
CA Osborne JM Kruger JP Lulich GR Johnston DJ Polzin LK Ulrich J Sanna 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,26(3):563-569
A double-blind clinical study was performed to evaluate prednisolone as treatment for idiopathic feline lower urinary tract disease. No differences in response were observed in prednisolone- and placebo-treated cats. 相似文献
119.
The multi-class binomial failure rate model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ulrich Hauptmanns 《Reliability Engineering & System Safety》1996,53(1):85-90
The impact of common cause failure (CCF) on PSA results for NPPs is in sharp contrast with the limited quality which can be achieved in their assessment. This is due to the dearth of observations and cannot be remedied in the short run. Therefore, the methods employed for calculating failure rates should be devised such as to make the best use of the few available observations on CCF. The Multi-Class Binomial Failure Rate (MCBFR) Model presented here achieves this by assigning observed failures to different classes according to their technical characteristics and applying the BFR formalism to each of these. The results are determined by a superposition of BFR type expressions for each class, each of them with its own coupling factor. The model hence integrates additional technical information on CCFs and leads to a better quality of results whenever this information is available. This is demonstrated by evaluating CCFs observed for combined impulse pilot valves in German NPPs. 相似文献
120.
VA Fl?renes N Bhattacharya MR Bani Y Ben-David RS Kerbel JM Slingerland 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,13(11):2447-2457
We have studied TGF-beta mediated G1 arrest in WM35, an early stage human melanoma cell line. These cells have lost p15INK4B expression through loss of one chromosome 9 and rearrangement of the other. In asynchronously growing WM35, TGF-beta caused reductions in cyclin D1, cyclin A and cdk4 proteins and their associated kinase activities and an increase in both p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1. These findings were confirmed in cells released from quiescence in the presence of TGF-beta, in which TGF-beta inhibited or delayed the reduction in the cdk inhibitors that normally occurs in late G1. In contrast to observations in other cell types, there was an increased association of both p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 with cyclin D1/cdk4 and with cyclin E/cdk2 during TGF-beta mediated arrest of asynchronously growing cells. Upregulation of p21Cip1/WAF1 preceded that of p27Kip1. Furthermore, p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 were not present in the same cdk complexes but bound distinct populations of target cdk molecules. Both p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1 immunoprecipitates from asynchronously growing cells contained active kinase complexes. These KIP-associated kinase activities were reduced in TGF-beta arrested cells. It has been proposed that in TGF-beta arrested epithelial cells, up-regulation of p15INK4B and of p15INK4B binding to cdk4 serves to destabilize the association of p27Kip1 with cyclin D1/cdk4, promoting p27Kip1 binding and inhibition of cyclin E/cdk2. Our findings demonstrate that this is not a universal mechanism of G1 arrest by TGF-beta. In TGF-beta arrested WM35, which lack p15INK4B, the increased p21Cip1/WAF1 may serve a similar function to that of p15INK4B: initiating kinase inhibition and providing an additional mechanism to supplement the effect of p27Kip1 on G1 cyclin/cdks. 相似文献