Exemplars, Prototypes, and the Flexibility of Classification Models.

J. P. Minda and J. D. Smith (2001) showed that a prototype model outperforms an exemplar model, especially in larger categories or categories that contained more complex stimuli. R. M. Nosofsky and S. R. Zaki (2002) showed that an exemplar model with a response-scaling mechanism outperforms a prototype model. The authors of the current study investigated whether excessive model flexibility could explain these results. Using cross-validation, the authors demonstrated that both the prototype model and the exemplar model with a response-scaling mechanism suffered from overfilling in the linearly separable category structure. The results illustrate the need to make sure that the best-fitting model is not chasing error variance instead of variance attributed to the cognitive process it is supposed to model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

山东省城市经济区划初步研究

本文从理论上分析了城市经济区划的意义和原则,以山东省为例分析了城市经济区划的方法,对山东省城市经济区划方案作了宏观设想,拟分为二个一级经济区和八个二级经济区。     

空调变风量送风系统的节能分析

不同的空调自动调节方案对于空调变风量送风系统的动力消耗有重要影响。本文对此做了理论分析和研究,同时还提出了一种按照空调房间负荷调节送风量新的调节方案,并就该方案的能耗大小与前作了对比。     

热网可靠度的评价指标研究

研究了当前热网发展存在的问题,热网系统的特点、状态数学模型、热网可靠度的理论基础及指标的建立过程、故障流参数的确定等内容。     

高效旋风分离器分级效率理论计算的新方法

研究了旋风分离器内流场的三维速度分布和各主要结构参数对分级效率计算的影响,推出了新的旋风分离器分级效率计算公式。不论从分离机理方面看,还是通过实验验证,新理论公式均优于国内外已有的理论计算公式。     

实用圆管紊流流速分布的实验研究

以实验的方法,分析研究了实用工业圆管紊流时的流速分布。对不同的流体在多种管径下用不同的方法进行实验,验证了文献[1]、[2]中理论流速分布公式的正确性,所得结论为实用工业圆管的流量测量提供了实验基础。     

豸山有意 瑶乡有情——从公园规划谈公园立意、意蕴、意境三者之间关系

以豸山公园为例,谈公园的立意、意蕴和意境不可能绝对统一,而有一定的弹性.创造一个好的公园环境,需要规划者,建设管理者和公众共同努力。     

高层民用建筑燃气用具的烟气排除

介绍了在高层民用建筑中燃气用具常采用的烟气排除方式和排气筒的设计计算方法。     

Assessment of human health risks posed by consumption of fish from the Lower Passaic River, New Jersey

The Lower Passaic River (LPR) in New Jersey has been impacted by variety of human activities over the course of the last two centuries. In this risk assessment, we assessed potential human health risks associated with consumption of fish from the LPR, the human exposure pathway of greatest concern when addressing contaminated sediments. Our risk assessment incorporates fish consumption information gathered during a year-long, intercept-style creel angler survey and representative fish tissue concentrations for 156 chemicals of potential concern (COPCs) obtained from USEPA's public database (OurPassaic website: http://www.ourpassaic.org/projectsites/premis_public/index.cfm?fuseaction=contaminants). Due to the large number of COPCs investigated, this risk assessment was divided into two phases: (1) identification of COPCs that contribute to the majority of overall excess cancer risk and hazard estimates using deterministic and probabilistic methods, and (2) probabilistic characterization of risk using distributions of chemical concentration and cooking loss for those compounds identified in Phase 1. Phase 1 relied on point estimates of COPC concentrations and demonstrated that PCDD/Fs and PCBs (dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like) are the greatest contributors to cancer risk, while non-dioxin-like PCBs are the primary contributors to non-cancer hazard estimates. Total excess cancer risks for adult and child and receptors estimated in Phase 1 were within USEPA's acceptable excess cancer risk range, with the exception of RME child (3.0 × 10^− 4 and 1.3 × 10^− 4 for deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively). Phase 2 focused on PCDD, PCDF, and PCBs and used distributions of chemical concentrations in fish. The results showed that all excess cancer risk estimates were within the acceptable risk range, although non-cancer hazard estimates for PCBs slightly exceeded a Hazard Index of 1. This HHRA of LPR fish ingestion represents the most comprehensive evaluation conducted to date, and demonstrates that measured concentrations of COPCs are not likely to pose a health risk to people who currently consume fish from the LPR.