The pricing and allocation of electrical energy

Realizing that development planning is a continuous and sequential process utilizing the mobilization and efficient use of resources over space and time, this paper develops a suitable model to enhance the likelihood that economic efficiency will be obtained in the pricing and allocation of electrical energy in the USA. Within the structure developed, what will happen to the generating capacity profile is shown, as well as what will happen to the consumption and price over the period 1980–1990.     

Interfuel substitution possibilities: short-term prospects

This paper applies a translog price possibility frontier in order to measure the extent of interfuel substitution effects in the electric power industry in the United States. The results suggest that relative changes in fuel prices have significant effects on fossil fuel consumption. This, in turn, has important implications for public policy. In particular, the market system appears better able to deal with exogenous shifts in energy supplies than has frequently been assumed in the formulation of public policies with respect to the energy crisis.     

Corrections to calorific values of lignites of the Hula Basin,Israel, for contained CaCO3

Low-grade lignites from the Hula Basin, Israel, have on average, on a natural basis, a calorific value of some 2929 J g^?1, a water content of 65–70 wt% and an ash yield of 15–20 wt%. The relatively high CaCO₃ content of the lignite has a negative effect on its calorific value owing to the endothermic decarbonization process. A good rectilinear relation is obtained when ash yield plus C0₂ content are plotted against High Calorific Value (HCV) plus decarbonization heat consumption, which may serve as a tool in the determination of the heat value. The distribution of CaCO₃ content within the Hula Basin corresponds with the average calorific values of the lignites.     

A C version of Fourier-derived affinity spectrum analysis (FASA) to resolve binding heterogeneity

The computer program described in this paper facilitates resolution of binding affinity heterogeneity by transforming binding curve data (bound versus free) into affinity spectra (density versus affinity). The original program, written in FORTRAN, is extended and presented here in the language C. New applications include an ability to transform competition curves into affinity spectra and to evaluate the effects of sampling and experimental error on spectrum analysis. We propose that this program be incorporated in the routine evaluation of binding systems.     

Energy prices,labour productivity and causality: An empirical examination

This paper is directed at examining the impact of changing energy prices on productivity in the USA. By using a cross correlation test for unidirectional causality, it is clearly demonstrated that for the period 1947–1980, the rate of change of productivity was adversely affected by changing energy prices. Furthermore, there is at least a four to five year lag before the entire impact is exhausted.     

Sex-role strain and personality adjustment of China-born students in America: A pilot study.

Since the role of student has been traditionally reserved for the male in Chinese society, hypothesized that China-born, female undergraduates would feel generally alienated from and in defiance of norms of the parent culture. Results on the CPI with 43 male and 43 female China-born undergraduates supported this view, with females scoring lower on Socialization and Good Impression. The Chinese model of the feminine role (reserve, patience, modesty, etc.) was most rejected by the subsample of females on student visas, and most accepted by the naturalized females (including permanent residents), as reflected on the CPI Femininity Scale. Regardless, of sex, natrualized and resident students clearly outranked visa students on important aspects of psychological health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The energy crisis and its impact on the stability of the demand for factors of production

This paper addresses the question of the stability of the demand for the factors of production at the aggregate level for United States manufacturing over the period 1947 to 1976. The results are conclusive. The demand for capital and labour has remained virtually constant over the period of investigation whilst the relative importance of the factors affecting the demand for energy has changed in a statistically significant fashion.     

An assessment of the energy tax burden on the Philippine economy

This paper uses an aggregate modelling approach to assess the impacts of a redistribution of the taxes and duties that currently exist on crude oil and refined petroleum products in the Philippine economy. The approach used in the analysis consists of a general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, three household categories classified by income and a government. The effects of replacing the taxes and duties on crude oil and refined petroleum products with a more broad-based tax on manufacturing and service sectors output on prices and quantities are examined. The results are revealing. For example, the consequences of redistributing the tax burden away from petroleum products to the manufacturing and service sectors of the Philippine economy would be an increase in output by all producing sectors of about 3.5% or about 2.4 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in the consumption of goods and services by about 6.1% or 1.6 hundred billion Philippine pesos, a rise in total utility by 6.9% or 1.9 hundred billion Philippine pesos and virtually no change in tax revenue for the government. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution eleasticities. That is, while the model's equilibrium values do vary in response to different assumptions of the values of these elasticities, the fluctutations are not so enormous to suggest that the model is unrealistically sensititve to these parameters.     

Spatial monopoly and the U.S. electrical energy industry

We examine the effectiveness of regulation in the electrical energy industry in the U.S. On the whole, the industry is not allowed to act as a spatial monopolist. It is not justifiable, however, to conclude that monopolistic tendencies are absent. In particular, the pricing structure departs from the competitive criterion, which requires price to equal the marginal cost of supplying electrical energy to a given consumer.