Sequential testing of sorted and transformed data as an efficient way to implement long GLRTs

It is often required to detect a long weak signal in Gaussian noise, and frequently, the exact form of that signal is parameterized but not known. A bank of matched filters provides an appropriate detector. However, in some practical applications, there are very many matched filters, and most are quite long. The consequent computational needs may render the classical bank-of-filters approach infeasibly expensive. One example, and our original motivation, is the detection of chirp gravitational waves by an Earth-based interferometer. In this paper, we provide a computational approach to this problem via sequential testing. Since the sequential tests to be used are not for constant signals, we develop the theory in terms of average sample number (ASN) for this case. Specifically, we propose two easily calculable expressions for the ASN: one a bound and the other an approximation. The sequential approach does yield moderate computational savings, but we find that by preprocessing the data using short/medium fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and an appropriate sorting of these FFT outputs such that the most informative samples are entered to a sequential test first, quite high numerical efficiency can be realized. The idea is simple but appears to be quite successful: Examples are presented in which the computational load is reduced by several orders of magnitude. The FFT is an example of an energy-agglomerating transform, but of course, there are many others. The point here is that the transform need not match the sought signal exactly in the sense that all energy becomes confined to a single sample; it is enough that the energy becomes concentrated, and the more concentrated the better.     

全球3G市场管制政策分析

主要对各国3G许可证与使用技术标准的抽绑政策．各国对2G／3G网络漫游的管制规定。以及3G网络之间共享的种类及实施方式等方面做了详尽的讲解，并进行比较和分析。     

Radiometric sensor for temperature control of food processing

This paper describes a novel planar antenna sensor created for the purpose of noninvasive temperature measurements using microwave radiometry. In order to improve radiometric measurements in industrial applications, a new generation of sensors is introduced, composed of a metallic sheet. Simulations based upon the method of moments is used both to design and to determine their electromagnetic performances. This paper also describes a radiometric device using these sensors to measure and control the temperature of food products during deep freezing processes. The results and discussions are presented.     

Finite element analysis of advanced multilayer capacitors

We establish a systematic methodology to design and analyse electromagnetic components such as advanced multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) using the finite element (FE) method. We employ a coupled formulation to compute the interaction between the electric and magnetic fields. Unlike a linear distribution of current assumed in the circuit model, an accurate electrostatic solution to model the entire advanced MLCCs (4 × 4 × 27 = 432 cells) is presented. The FE solution is used to compute the lumped parameters for a range of frequencies. These lumped parameters are then used to compute the parasitic elements of the MLCCs. We introduce two algorithms to efficiently analyse the behaviour of a capacitor with changing frequency. The lower frequency (much below the self‐resonant frequency of the capacitor) algorithm separates the effect of the electric and magnetic fields and reduces the computational effort required to solve the FE problem, whereas, the high‐frequency algorithm couples the effect between the electric and the magnetic fields. We use these algorithms in conjunction with a new multiple scale technique to effectively determine the small values of R, L and C in MLCCs. The formulation, the implementation, and the numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the present FE formulation and establish a systematic methodology to design and analyse advanced electromagnetic components. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Full-diversity, high-rate space-time block codes from division algebras

We present some general techniques for constructing full-rank, minimal-delay, rate at least one space-time block codes (STBCs) over a variety of signal sets for arbitrary number of transmit antennas using commutative division algebras (field extensions) as well as using noncommutative division algebras of the rational field /spl Qopf/ embedded in matrix rings. The first half of the paper deals with constructions using field extensions of /spl Qopf/. Working with cyclotomic field extensions, we construct several families of STBCs over a wide range of signal sets that are of full rank, minimal delay, and rate at least one appropriate for any number of transmit antennas. We study the coding gain and capacity of these codes. Using transcendental extensions we construct arbitrary rate codes that are full rank for arbitrary number of antennas. We also present a method of constructing STBCs using noncyclotomic field extensions. In the later half of the paper, we discuss two ways of embedding noncommutative division algebras into matrices: left regular representation, and representation over maximal cyclic subfields. The 4/spl times/4 real orthogonal design is obtained by the left regular representation of quaternions. Alamouti's (1998) code is just a special case of the construction using representation over maximal cyclic subfields and we observe certain algebraic uniqueness characteristics of it. Also, we discuss a general principle for constructing cyclic division algebras using the nth root of a transcendental element and study the capacity of the STBCs obtained from this construction. Another family of cyclic division algebras discovered by Brauer (1933) is discussed and several examples of STBCs derived from each of these constructions are presented.     

High-efficiency LEDs of 1.6–2.4 µm spectral range for medical diagnostics and environment monitoring

High efficient LED structures covering the spectral range of 1.6–2.4 μm have been developed on the basis of GaSb and its solid solutions. The electroluminescent characteristics and their temperature and current dependences have been studied. The radiative and nonradiative recombination mechanisms and their effect on the quantum efficiency have been investigated. A quantum efficiency of 40–60% has been obtained in the quasi-steady mode at room temperature. A short-pulse optical power of 170 mW was reached. __________ Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 37, No. 8, 2003, pp. 996–1009. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Stoyanov, Zhurtanov, Astakhova, Imenkov, Yakovlev.     

Sequential Spectrum Analysis of the Sideband Components of Digital Amplitude-Modulated Signals

It is shown that, for the spectrum analysis of digital quasi-periodic signals, one must use a procedure based on approximating the sequence of data readouts by a first-order trigonometric polynomial with a varying frequency of its harmonic functions.