This work presents an application of bio-inspired flower pollination algorithm (FPA) for tuning proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller in load frequency control (LFC) of multi-area interconnected power system. The investigated power system comprises of three equal thermal power systems with appropriate PID controller. The controller gain [proportional gain (Kp), integral gain (Ki) and derivative gain (Kd)] values are tuned by using the FPA algorithm with one percent step load perturbation in area 1 (1 % SLP). The integral square error (ISE) is considered the objective function for the FPA. The supremacy performance of proposed algorithm for optimized PID controller is proved by comparing the results with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based PID controller under the same investigated power system. In addition, the controller robustness is studied by considering appropriate generate rate constraint with nonlinearity in all areas. The result cumulative performance comparisons established that FPA-PID controller exhibit better performance compared to performances of GA-PID and PSO-PID controller-based power system with and without nonlinearity effect.
Purpose: The aim of the present work was to set up an optimized protocol for human cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐β (Aβ) profiling. Experimental design : We devised an immunoproteomic assay that employs monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on Preactivated Surface (PS20) chip array followed by SELDI TOF MS. A comparison of a number of factors was performed, and the impact of these differences was noted. Each variable was tested using in parallel two different mAbs, 6E10 and 4G8. In addition, we tested whether the combined use of these two mAbs could improve the capture of N and C‐terminally truncated Aβ peptides and then the quality of spectra. Results : The best results were obtained using a mixture of Aβ mAbs (0.125μg/μL 6E10+4G8): 15 Aβ peptides (including 3 N‐terminally truncated forms) were detected. Conclusions and clinical relevance : This approach has many potential advantages in speed, sensitivity and economy of reagents and could be helpful in order to define the role played by specific Aβ truncated forms in cognitive decline. 相似文献
Neural Computing and Applications - The paper proposes an approach to the design of the chemical composition of steel, which is based on neural networks and genetic algorithms and aims at achieving... 相似文献
The research developed from the identification of the most highly cited Soviet journals in the physical and life sciences. Several measures of growth and citedness were taken at the beginning and end of a recent five-year period, 1982–87, in order to generally assess the functions of these journals. The research involved making comparisons among these groupings of journals and control groupings of journals with similar content, but not published in the Soviet Union. Differences in citedness could be related, in the physical sciences, to the scale of Russophone science within world sciences, but not in the life sciences. In the physical sciences, there are increases in the citedness across Soviet and Western journals; but in the Soviet journals the increase is several times greater than in the control grouping. In sharp contrast, the largest, most cited, Western life sciences' journals have increased in citedness and other groupings, including Soviet journals, have declined. The measures on control groups show that the extreme levels of improvement in citedness on the part of Soviet physical sciences' journals reflect local, i.e. Soviet, developments. The decrease in citedness of Soviet life sciences' journals seems, instead, tied broadly to events in the world life sciences' literature. There has been, apparently a centralizing of attention within those discipline on those few journals publishing major findings while leaving the rest of the world literature behind. In addition, the research developed several findings on the formal properties of the measures used. 相似文献
Chromium carbide modified C/C and Ti6Al4V were successfully joined using a TiCuZrNi brazing alloy in powder form. The braze/composite interface and the mechanical strength of C/C‐Ti6Al4V joints were evaluated. The apparent shear strength of chromium carbide modified C/C joined to Ti6Al4V, measured by single lap test in compression, was 52 ± 6 MPa, which was highest among that without chromium carbide modification (15 ± 2 MPa) and the intrinsic C/C shear strength. The fractography of joints without chromium carbide modification indicated that failure mainly occurred at the TiC layer formed at the composite/braze interface while the joints with chromium carbide modification failed within the C/C. 相似文献
The aim of this report is to demonstrate a unified version of microscopy through the use of advanced diffractive optics. The unified scheme derives from the technical possibility of realizing front wave engineering in a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum. The unified treatment is realized through the design and nanofabrication of phase diffractive elements (PDE) through which wave front beam shaping is obtained. In particular, we will show applications, by using biological samples, ranging from micromanipulation using optical tweezers to X-ray differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy combined with X-ray fluorescence. We report some details on the design and physical implementation of diffractive elements that besides focusing also perform other optical functions: beam splitting, beam intensity, and phase redistribution or mode conversion. Laser beam splitting is used for multiple trapping and independent manipulation of micro-beads surrounding a cell as an array of tweezers and for arraying and sorting microscopic size biological samples. Another application is the Gauss to Laguerre-Gauss mode conversion, which allows for trapping and transfering orbital angular momentum of light to micro-particles immersed in a fluid. These experiments are performed in an inverted optical microscope coupled with an infrared laser beam and a spatial light modulator for diffractive optics implementation. High-resolution optics, fabricated by means of e-beam lithography, are demonstrated to control the intensity and the phase of the sheared beams in x-ray DIC microscopy. DIC experiments with phase objects reveal a dramatic increase in image contrast compared to bright-field x-ray microscopy. Besides the topographic information, fluorescence allows detection of certain chemical elements (Cl, P, Sc, K) in the same setup, by changing the photon energy of the x-ray beam. 相似文献
Collaborative virtual environments (CVE) face the challenge of succeeding in incorporating critical dimensions of cooperation
and communication in everyday working situations. One of these dimensions, situation ambiguity, is scarcely considered in
studies on CVE although it can prove a key factor in future use of CVE in real work situations. Many computer-supported cooperative
environments and telecommunication systems, like those currently used in telemedicine, would benefit from the incorporation
of some degree of situation ambiguity allowing users to deploy their diagnostic and interpretive abilities. In the perspective
adopted in this study, ambiguity is the contingent outcome of the ongoing interaction taking place between the environment
and the interests of social actors. The research focuses on the cooperation within couples of participants facing situation
ambiguity in a virtual environment: a simulated city named Babylon. Participants moved in the city through an avatar and could
communicate in one of the following conditions: face-to-face, phone or chat. Their goal was that of meeting somewhere in the
city, in a place that they did not know previously. Babylon contained elements designed to allow both production and detection
of ambiguity. Ambiguity emerged when participants realized the presence of inconsistencies in the way they perceived the situations
they had to face. The moments in which ambiguity was perceived—called “critical events” (CE)—were measured and described through
qualitative (ethnographically oriented) methods. The different strategies that participants used to “solve” ambiguity were
characterized as: looking for environmental cues, narrowing the focus of attention and investing on cooperation. Both CEs
and strategies were analyzed with respect to the three communication conditions: face-to-face, phone and chat. All the communication
conditions allowed the emergence of ambiguity and the negotiation of strategies to solve ambiguity between partners: according
to literature, chat is very costly in terms of time spent on writing but this disadvantage did not block completely the emergence
of ambiguity and the development of adequate strategies of solution. All navigations but three (on a total of 18 couples)
succeeded: the partners did meet in a short time (less than 15 min) relying on their pragmatic resources in a new virtual
place. Further research is required to clarify the possible factors influencing the choice of one strategy over the others,
the order in which strategies follow each other and the role of leadership in ambiguity detection and solution. 相似文献
Valentina Filemio reports on a 2008 exhibit in Turin, Italy, that focussed on architects Guarino Guarini, Filippo Juvarra
and Alessandro Antonelli.
Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin, Italy 28 June – 14 September 2008 相似文献