Piecewise-linear approximation of nonlinear dynamical systems

The piecewise-linear (PWL) approximation technique developed by Julia/spl acute/n et al. in the past few years is applied to find approximate models of dynamical systems dependent on given numbers of state variables and parameters. Referring to some significant examples, i.e., topological normal forms, it is shown that a PWL dynamical system approximating a given smooth system can preserve its main features. In particular, if the approximation accuracy increases, the equivalence between approximating and approximated systems shifts from qualitative to quantitative. The validity of the proposed approach is eventually tested by use of a severe nonlinear example, i.e., the Rosenzweig-MacArthur system, which describes the population dynamics in a tritrophic food chain model.     

Compact nA/V triode-MOSFET transconductor

A simple nA/V CMOS transconductor for low-frequency g/sub m/-C filters is presented. To benefit from the lowest g/sub m//I/sub D/ ratio, input transistors operate in the triode region, with g/sub m/ adjusted by their (W/L) and V/sub DS/, the latter a tuning-voltage replica. Since V/sub DS/ surmounts the equivalent noise of the replica circuit, excellent control of g/sub m/ is attained. Simulations support theoretical analysis. A 5Hz bandpass filter was designed, featuring SNR=59.2 dB for THD<1% at 150 mV and 17 nW consumption.     

A scalable framework for in IP-oriented terrestrial-GEO satellite networks

The exponential growth of the Internet, the heterogeneity of networks, and the need for QoS maintenance have urged researchers to develop ideas for managing network scalability and end-to-end QoS assurance. In this article, an IP IntServ architecture in the satellite access network is combined with a scalable IP DiffServ-like architecture in the terrestrial core network. The proposed architecture aims at guaranteeing fine-grained bandwidth control in the satellite access network and stateless scalability in the core network, by exploiting per-aggregate traffic flow control, typical of the aggregate RSVP protocol, and stateless service assurance, typical of the SCORE approach.     

一种降低DMT系统发送信号峰值的非线性映射方法

针对DMT ADSL（DMT线路码非对称数字用户环路）传输系统发送信号幅值尖峰问题。本文提出了一种降低发送信号最大峰值同时又不损失系统 传送信息的非线性映射方法。通过最优化方法合理地设计一组可逆映射器,该方法比目前ADSL系统的硬限幅方法能较大幅度地压缩系统的动态范围或在相同的动态范围下获得更好的传输性能。     

Detection of vesicoureteral reflux using microwave radiometry-system characterization with tissue phantoms

Microwave (MW) radiometry is proposed for passive monitoring of kidney temperature to detect vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of urine that is externally heated by a MW hyperthermia device and thereafter reflows from the bladder to kidneys during reflux. Here, we characterize in tissue-mimicking phantoms the performance of a 1.375 GHz radiometry system connected to an electromagnetically (EM) shielded microstrip log spiral antenna optimized for VUR detection. Phantom EM properties are characterized using a coaxial dielectric probe and network analyzer (NA). Power reflection and receive patterns of the antenna are measured in layered tissue phantom. Receiver spectral measurements are used to assess EM shielding provided by a metal cup surrounding the antenna. Radiometer and fiberoptic temperature data are recorded for varying volumes (10-30 mL) and temperaturesg (40-46°C) of the urine phantom at 35 mm depth surrounded by 36.5°C muscle phantom. Directional receive pattern with about 5% power spectral density at 35 mm target depth and better than -10 dB return loss from tissue load are measured for the antenna. Antenna measurements demonstrate no deterioration in power reception and effective EM shielding in the presence of the metal cup. Radiometry power measurements are in excellent agreement with the temperature of the kidney phantom. Laboratory testing of the radiometry system in temperature-controlled phantoms supports the feasibility of passive kidney thermometry for VUR detection.     

An augmented reality system for patient-specific guidance of cardiac catheter ablation procedures

We present a system to assist in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias by catheter ablation. A patient-specific three-dimensional (3-D) anatomical model, constructed from magnetic resonance images, is merged with fluoroscopic images in an augmented reality environment that enables the transfer of electrocardiography (ECG) measurements and cardiac activation times onto the model. Accurate mapping is realized through the combination of: a new calibration technique, adapted to catheter guided treatments; a visual matching registration technique, allowing the electrophysiologist to align the model with contrast-enhanced images; and the use of virtual catheters, which enable the annotation of multiple ECG measurements on the model. These annotations can be visualized by color coding on the patient model. We provide an accuracy analysis of each of these components independently. Based on simulation and experiments, we determined a segmentation error of 0.6 mm, a calibration error in the order of 1 mm and a target registration error of 1.04 +/- 0.45 mm. The system provides a 3-D visualization of the cardiac activation pattern which may facilitate and improve diagnosis and treatment of the arrhytmia. Because of its low cost and similar advantages we believe our approach can compete with existing commercial solutions, which rely on dedicated hardware and costly catheters. We provide qualitative results of the first clinical use of the system in 11 ablation procedures.     

兵器工业热处理的现状和展望

介绍在兵器工业热处理推广新技术新工艺,改造旧设备,提高机械化,自动化方面的现状和展望。     

On hop count and euclidean distance in greedy forwarding in wireless ad hoc networks

In this letter, a probabilistic analysis is presented that captures the bounds on hop count from a given Euclidean distance between two nodes and vice versa in a greedy forwarding in wireless ad hoc networks. Accuracy of the analysis is verified via network simulations. The results could be useful in ad hoc and sensor network design and performance evaluation.     

Ultra-wide-band transmitter for low-power wireless body area networks: design and evaluation

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget of the autonomous sensor nodes. The radio interface is a major challenge, since its power consumption must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). The emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most of the complexity of an UWB system is in the receiver, which is a perfect scenario in the WBAN context. Second, the very little hardware complexity of a UWB transmitter offers the potential for low-cost and highly integrated solutions. Finally, in a pulse-based UWB scheme, the transmitter can be duty-cycled at the pulse rate, thereby reducing the baseline power consumption. We present a low-power UWB transmitter that can be fully integrated in standard CMOS technology. Measured performances of a fully integrated pulse generator are provided, showing the potential of UWB for low power and low cost implementations. Finally, using a WBAN channel model, we present a comparison between our UWB solution and state-of-the-art low-power narrow-band implementations. This paper shows that UWB performs better in the short range due to a reduced baseline power consumption.     

FIR Laser Lines from CH3OD: A Review

The methanol isotopic species CH₃OD has also proved to be an efficient and powerful medium to generate radiation in the far infrared (FIR) region. After the critical review of 1994, six papers have been published dealing with new FIR laser lines from this molecule. As a consequence of the use of wide tunability waveguide CO₂ lasers as well as a new pulsed CO₂ laser operating at hot and sequential bands, as of optical pumping sources, the total number of the FIR laser lines increased from 122 in 1994 to 227 today. In this communication we present an updated and complete catalogue of FIR laser lines generated from CH₃OD. Information on wavelength, offset, relative polarization, intensity, and optimum operation pressure is generally available.