一等奖:时间的层级

该竞赛方案是我们在国立雅典科技大学建筑工程学院的毕业论文项目的一部分.学校开展的大多数研究是关于雅典的城市环境问题处理,研究与干预的对象主要集中在城市特定区域.风景园林设计学科整合在建筑学院中.在过去3年的学习中,我们选择了大尺度的项目进行研究.然而,我们发现要对自然风景进行干预是极其困难的,甚至很小的一个举动就会在自然里留下痕迹.竞赛方案是有关于对柯蒂齐泻湖的干预.柯蒂齐泻湖位于希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛西部,有温和的冬季和温暖的夏季,是希腊最重要的泻湖之一,也是往来非洲的候鸟栖息和中转的地方.     

Uncertainty and method limitations in a short-time measurement of the effective thermal transmittance on a building envelope using an infrared camera

Buildings' thermal insulation has received a lot of attention these past years, in an effort to reduce the sector's high energy consumptions. A number of non-destructive methods have been used in order to evaluate in situ the building envelope's effective thermal transmittance, characterised, however, by long-lasting measurement periods. This paper examines the uncertainty and method limitations to use short-time measurements using an infrared camera for this purpose, but also within real environmental conditions that are inevitably unsteady during the measurement series. Experimental measurements were realised with three different infrared cameras, and the results show that a value of effective thermal transmittance could be estimated in situ by a relative uncertainty that does not exceed 20% (coverage factor?=?2), a reliable estimation as long as all systematic errors are identified and diminished through calculations.     

Investigating cigarette-smoke indoor pollution in a controlled environment

The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of pollutant concentrations generated by smoking in a controlled indoor environment. For this purpose, a small flat in the centre of Athens, Greece was equipped with NO(x), O(3) and SO(2) continuous measuring instruments and portable analysers for spot measurements of TVOCs and CO(2), while two volunteer smokers remained inside and smoked as normal inhabitants. The results indicated that when windows are kept closed and smoking takes place NO(x), CO(2) and TVOCs concentrations increase by an order of 3, 4 or 10 times, respectively, and decrease returning to initial levels after 1 or 2 h.     

Capillary zone electrophoresis on-line coupled to mass spectrometry: A perspective application for clinical proteomics

Clinical proteomics, a rapidly growing field, intends to use specific diagnostic proteomic/peptidomic markers for initial diagnosis or prognosis of the progression of various diseases. Analyses of disease-associated markers in defined biological samples can provide valuable molecular diagnostic information for these diseases. This approach relies on sensitive and highly standardized modern analytical techniques. In the recent years, one of these technologies, CZE online coupled to MS (CZE-MS), has been increasingly used for the detection of peptide biomarkers (<20 kDa) in body fluids such as urine. This review presents the most relevant urinary proteomic studies addressing the application of CZE-MS in clinically relevant biomarker research between the years 2006 and 2014.     

Impact of different preservation treatments on lipids of the smooth clam Callista chione

The soft clam Callista chione is highly appreciated among marine inhabitants for nutritional, commercial and economic reasons. This work aims to determine the lipid classes’ profile of C. chione and the effect of different preservation treatments on them. C. chione meat was found to be a rich source of dietary phospholipids (PhLs), ω‐3 fatty acids and carotenoids, encouraging the exploitation of the species as human food. Among treatments, only marinating reduced the PhLs content. Parboiling and freezing resulted in a significant decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, while marinating caused partial replacement of polyunsaturated with monounsaturated fatty acids. Lipid quality indices remained favourable for a healthy diet. With the exception of astaxanthin, the rest of the carotenoids identified were susceptible to processing and frozen storage. Parboiling and freezing of the vacuum‐packed meats for up to 4 months would be most appropriate, among the treatments applied, for preserving the lipid quality of C. chione.     

Conversational natural language understanding interfacing city event information

The article describes aspects of the development of a conversational natural language understanding (NLU) system done during the first year of the European research project CATCH-2004 (Converse in AThens Cologne and Helsinki) [http://www.catch2004.org]. The project is co-funded by the European Union in the scope of the IST programme (IST 1999-11103).

Its objectives focus on multi-modal, multi-lingual conversational natural language access to information systems. The paper emphasises on architecture, and telephony-based speech and NLU components as well as aspects of the implementation of a city event information (CEI) system in English, Finnish, German and Greek. The CEI system accesses two different databases in Athens and Helsinki using a common retrieval interface. Furthermore the paper singles out methodologies involved for acoustic and language model of the speech recognition component, parsing techniques and dialog modelling for the conversational natural language subsystem. For the implementation it outlines an incremental system refinement methodology necessary to adapt the system components to real-life data. It addresses the implementation of language specific characteristics and a common dialog design for all four languages, but also deals with aspects towards a multilingual conversational system. Finally, it presents prospects for further developments of the project.     

Effects of the additive package on the thermal properties of a commercial polyoxymethylene homopolymer

The present study worked out the effects of the additive package on both the degradation behavior and the thermal properties of a commercial polyoxymethylene (POM) homopolymer (Delrin® 900P) during an artificial thermooxidative aging. The POM pellets were investigated as received and after a storage duration of 5 weeks at 140°C in an oven. Additionally, the pellets for the initial and aged conditions were purified to remove the additives. The degradation behavior was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while the thermal properties were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to follow changes occurring during the artificial aging. Dynamic TGA in nitrogen and air showed that even after a severe aging procedure, some thermooxidative stabilizer was still present. However, its effectiveness was no longer good, as the aged POM showed a lower degradation temperature than the initial material. This result is evidence that thermally sensitive and more volatile compounds were formed. Purification of the aged pellets led to a material that degraded immediately during melting. Isothermal DSC experiments carried out at several temperatures showed that the elimination of the additives increased the crystallization rate. The crystallization kinetics could be described by using the Avrami model. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL, 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Performance of Three Culture Media Commonly Used for Detecting Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes poses a serious threat to public health, and the majority of cases of human listeriosis are associated with contaminated food. Reliable microbiological testing is needed for effective control of this pathogen by the food industry and competent authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of three culture media commonly used for detecting L. monocytogenes in foods. Minced pork meat samples (n = 100) were subjected to microbiological testing for L. monocytogenes according to International Organization for Standardization methods 11290-1:1996 and 11290-2:1998 using PALCAM, ALOA, and RAPID'L. mono culture media in parallel. Presence of the pathogen was confirmed by conducting biochemical and molecular tests on the presumptive L. monocytogenes colonies. Performance attributes of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratios, error odds ratios, receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under this curve were calculated from the presence-absence microbiological test results by combining the results obtained from the culture media and confirmative tests. PALCAM had the best performance in terms of positive predictive value (i.e., a positive result indicates high probability of L. monocytogenes presence) but not in terms of sensitivity (i.e., the ability of the medium to detect the pathogen when present). RAPID'L. mono was the most sensitive medium. None of the culture media were perfect for detecting L. monocytogenes in minced pork meat alone. The pathogen was detected in 16, 19, and 26% (apparent prevalence) of the samples by PALCAM, ALOA, and RAPID'L. mono, respectively, although the true prevalence of the pathogen was 22%. These findings indicate that the use of a single culture medium may lead to erroneous determination of the prevalence of L. monocytogenes.     

Effect of inulin on texture and clarity of gellan gels

The effect of inulin on the gelation of 0.5 wt% low acyl gellan in the presence of increasing concentrations of potassium chloride was investigated by large deformation compression experiments and visible light absorbance. The sugar and salt concentrations varied from 0 to 15 wt% and 40-100 mM, respectively. Stress and strain at failure along with Young’s modulus were calculated from each compression curve. Samples prior to compression were refrigerated at 5 °C for 24 h. Reduced gel strength and firmness were observed for all inulin and salt concentrations. Increasing amounts of inulin resulted in an increase in gel strength which was greater for higher potassium concentrations. Elasticity values did not exhibit great diversion. Inulin at concentrations of 5 and 10 wt% led to less turbid gels than those with only gellan. Samples containing 15 wt% inulin gave absorbance readings greater than 1.