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31.
Topology optimization of interconnection networks 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper describes an automatic optimization tool that searches a family of network topologies to select the topology that best achieves a specified set of design goals while satisfying specified packaging constraints. Our tool uses a model of signaling technology that relates bandwidth, cost and distance of links. This model captures the distance-dependent bandwidth of modern high-speed electrical links and the cost differential between electrical and optical links. Using our optimization tool, we explore the design space of hybrid Clos-torus (C-T) networks. For a representative set of packaging constraints we determine the optimal hybrid C-T topology to minimize cost and the optimal C-T topology to minimize latency for various packet lengths. We then use the tool to measure the sensitivity of the optimal topology to several important packaging constraints such as pin count and critical distance. 相似文献
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33.
A Saleem N Ibrahim M Patel XG Li E Gupta J Mendoza P Pantazis EH Rubin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,57(22):5100-5106
Camptothecins are a new class of anticancer drugs that target DNA topoisomerase I; current efforts are directed toward elucidating optimal combinations of these drugs with other antineoplastic agents. A rationale for the use of sequential therapy involving the combination of camptothecins with topoisomerase II-targeting drugs, such as etoposide, has arisen from observations of increased topoisomerase II protein levels in cell lines resistant to camptothecin. In an effort to understand potential mechanisms of resistance to this strategy, we developed a U-937 cell subline, denoted RERC, that is capable of surviving exposure to sequential topoisomerase poisoning. The RERC cells are 200-fold resistant to camptothecin, 8-fold resistant to etoposide, and 10-fold hypersensitive to cisplatin compared to the parental U-937 cells. Biochemical analyses indicate that the resistant phenotype involves alterations in both topoisomerase I and topoisomerase IIalpha. Topoisomerase I catalytic activity in the resistant cells is similar to that of the parental line but is resistant to camptothecin. Moreover, the resistant cells express a single mRNA species of topoisomerase I that codes for a mutation in codon 533. In addition, topoisomerase IIalpha protein levels are decreased 10-fold in the resistant line, coincident with a two-fold decrease in the expression of topoisomerase IIalpha mRNA. Collectively, these results indicate that resistance to sequential topoisomerase poisoning may involve a reduction in total cellular topoisomerase activity. 相似文献
34.
In this paper, electromagnetically coupled (EMC) patch-antenna configurations on two-layered dielectric substrates are investigated. The radiating patch is located on the top of the upper substrate and is excited by feed circuitry underneath it on the lower substrate. The electromagnetic field problem is transformed into a network problem and a multiport network model (MNM) is developed to characterize the three-dimensional (3-D) fields associated with the radiating structure. Antenna characteristics such as input impedance and radiation pattern are computed using the MNM model and the approach is validated by comparison with experimental results 相似文献
35.
We recently diagnosed subcutaneous fat necrosis in a newborn female infant using fine needle aspiration cytology. The neonate had perinatal asphyxia and her mother a difficult labor, but otherwise the neonate was well developed and healthy and within a few days developed well-defined areas of subcutaneous induration all over. On cytologic examination of the aspirated material, many necrotizing fat cells were found with refractile, needle-shaped crystals arranged in a sheaflike or starburst pattern. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is uncommon today, and although the histologic findings from excised tissue are known, this appears to be the first case in which the diagnosis was possible from a sample of fine needle aspirate. 相似文献
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A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine in various combinations has been developed. The method is simple, accurate, precise and reproducible. The percent relative standard deviations based on 6 injections were 2.1, 0.6, 1.9, and 1.6 for sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine, respectively. The ratio of peak heights (drug/internal standard) wer closely related (r value 0.99 or better) to concentrations (± 20% of the standard solution concentrations). The results of synthetic mixtures showed quantitative recovery and method was successfully applied to commercial dosage forms (tablets and suspension). Extraction of sulfa drugs from the dosage forms required a very simple procedure. 相似文献
38.
Structural investigation on proton-exchange membranes, obtained by the radiation grafting of styrene onto FEP films and subsequent sulfonation, was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry. The membrane crystallinity was found to show a decreasing trend with increasing degree of grafting. The melting temperature of all the membranes also showed a slight decrease as compared to the ungrafted FEP. The results have been explained in terms of the cumulative effect of the decrease in the crystalline/amorphous ratio by the incorporation of amorphous polystyrene grafts and of disruption of spherulitic crystallites of the FEP component in the membranes. The glass transition temperature of the membranes with different water contents was also evaluated. A correlation of the glass transition temperature with the residual water in dried membranes was established. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
39.
Sen Gupta A. Hanjura A.K. Mathur B.S. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》1991,79(7):973-982
The authors discuss the advantages of broadcasting time from a satellite over the more traditional ground based methods such as short wave and low frequency standard time and frequency broadcasts. The authors describe several one way satellite time services currently operational and discuss, in particular, a broadcast service using the Indian domestic satellite INSAT. The signal format, transmitting and receiving setups, and the methods for satellite position prediction are described in detail for the INSAT broadcast. Some typical results of time and frequency calibration are also discussed 相似文献
40.