Improving Solar Power Generation and Defects Detection Using a Smart IoT System for Sophisticated Distribution Control (SDC) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) Techniques

These days, peoples are more concerned respects petroleum product energy and conservational issues caused on the power generation networks and renewable power resources at any other time. Amongst the renewable power resources, solar and windmill power generations are essential competitors. Photovoltaic modules additionally have moderately least transformation effectiveness. General system price was decreased utilizing significant productivity control which are made to determine for most significant achievable energy from solar PV array module utilizing MPPT procedures. Existing solar power generation likewise have the burden of being for the day outputs is less immediate introduction from natural sun radiation. By utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) strategies for monitoring and controlling the solar power generation was significantly enhance the performance, and maintenance of the solar power plant. In this work explicitly argue advances IoT technique to increase output result of solar power generation at the system level. Covering turning the photovoltaic system in the position of maximum sunlight, obtaining significant available power obtained from the solar PV array and significant battery health management by using sophisticated distribution control (SDC) and independent component analysis techniques (ICA).The simulation work done under with the MATLAB software using proposed SDC and ICA logics the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and its ability to track the maximum power of the PV panel. Over 97% efficiency achieved by using SDC and ICA methods.     

Internet of Things (IOT) Based Generous Transformational Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) for Hybrid Renewable Energy System Synchronization and Status Monitioring

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the all-around trusted technology that associates natural objects to the web for giving straightforwardness and different functionalities and the hybrid power system has characterized as the power grid incorporated with an extensive network. With the change in innovation and developments needs to tackle the energy crises by utilizing hybrid renewable energy resources. The failure of electrical power in remote territories drives associations to investigate elective arrangements, for example, renewable energy power systems. The energy created by hybrid renewable energy sources are dependent on the variation and load demand, such a renewable power system must be equipped for fulfilling the necessities whenever and store the extra power for usage in deficiency situations. An independent renewable energy network to meet the coveted electric load with some sources, little excess power and minimal cost of energy. The essential goal of the design criteria is to limit the entire cost which incorporates initial, operational and support cost. In this work life-cycle cost (LCC), loss of load probability (LOLP) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP) have considered as the genuine factors and a Generous Transformational Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) has projected to pick the greatest possible configuration of a hybrid power framework. Internet of Things (IoT) conveyed in crossover control framework and gave a valuable proposition about assorted advances and norms of a renewable power source, and it additionally gives a review of a few applications and driving variables of a hybrid control framework. Simulation work done with MATLAB software and result helps the efficiency of the proposed technique and confirm that it is 97% efficiency than other ordinary strategies.     

Influence of Bi2O3/WO3 substitution on the optical,mechanical, chemical durability and gamma ray shielding properties of lithium-borate glasses

Six different lithium bismuth boro-tungstate glasses with chemical composition 20Li₂O-(20-x)Bi₂O₃-xWO₃-60B₂O₃ (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol%) were produced by the quenching method. Then, the glasses were investigated by means of their optical, mechanical, chemical durability and gamma ray shielding properties. Measured values of density and ultrasonic velocities were used to determine the elastic properties of the glasses. The optical band gap determined using the absorbance spectrum fitting (ASF) model was found to decrease under Bi₂O₃/WO₃ substitution. The presence of BO₃, BO₄, BiO₆, and WO₄ structural groups in the glasses was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dissolution rate in the glass 20Li₂O–15Bi₂O₃–5WO₃–60B₂O₃ (LBWB5) was found to be 10 times lower than 20Li₂O-20Bi₂O₃– 60B₂O₃. Mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) values of the produced glasses were determined using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code and Phy-X/PSD program. The photon attenuation parameters such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Z_eff), exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) were also studied. The obtained results showed that Bi₂O₃/WO₃ substitution has a direct impact on the photon attenuation abilities of produced glasses. More specifically, HVL values increased from 0.252 × 10^?2 cm for LBWB0 glass to 0.275 × 10^?2 cm for LBWB5 glass. However, different trends were observed for the photon buildup factors for the produced glasses. It can be concluded that the produced glasses have promising structural, optical, and photon attenuation properties to be used for gamma shielding applications.     

Electronic structure of P-doped ZnO films with p-type conductivity

The electronic structure of laser-deposited P-doped ZnO films was investigated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) at the O K-, Zn K-, and Zn L3-edges. While the O K-edge XANES spectrum of the n-type P-doped ZnO demonstrates that the density of unoccupied states, primarily O 2p-P 3sp hybridized states, is significantly high, the O K-edge XANES spectrum of the p-type P-doped ZnO shows a sharp decrease in intensity of the corresponding feature indicating that P replaces O sites in the ZnO lattice, and thereby generating P(O). This produces holes to maintain charge neutrality that are responsible for the p-type behavior of P-doped ZnO. Both the Zn K-, and Zn L3-edge XANES spectra of the P-doped ZnO reveal that Zn plays no significant role in the p-type behavior of ZnO:P.     

Tailoring the vapor-liquid-solid growth toward the self-assembly of GaAs nanowire junctions

New insights into understanding and controlling the intriguing phenomena of spontaneous merging (kissing) and the self-assembly of monolithic Y- and T-junctions is demonstrated in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth of GaAs nanowires. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy for determining polar facets was coupled to electrostatic-mechanical modeling and position-controlled synthesis to identify nanowire diameter, length, and pitch, leading to junction formation. When nanowire patterns are designed so that the electrostatic energy resulting from the interaction of polar surfaces exceeds the mechanical energy required to bend the nanowires to the point of contact, their fusion can lead to the self-assembly of monolithic junctions. Understanding and controlling this phenomenon is a great asset for the realization of dense arrays of vertical nanowire devices and opens up new ways toward the large scale integration of nanowire quantum junctions or nanowire intracellular probes.     

In situ electrochemical synthesis of a poly(o‐anisidine) counter electrode for a dye‐sensitized solar cell

Poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) counter electrodes (CEs) were fabricated by potentiodynamic deposition and incorporated into platinum (Pt)‐free dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A different sweep number had great impact on the morphology and electrocatalytic activity of the POA films. The POA film fabricated by 25 sweep cycles was observed to have a highly porous morphology, and this resulted in a lower charge‐transfer resistance of 57 cm² in comparison with the Pt CE. The DSSC assembled with the POA CE showed a higher photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.67% compared to 1.2% for the DSSC with the Pt CE under full sunlight illumination. Therefore, the high active surface area of the 25‐sweep‐segmented POA film could be considered a promising alternative CE for use in DSSCs because of its high electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42041.     

A miniature scanning sun photometer for vertical profiles and mobile platforms

A miniature sun photometer has been developed that makes continuous almucantar scans to measure solar irradiance and sky radiance in four wavelength bands set by interference filters. It has a well-defined field of view and can rapidly compensate for a tilting platform. It weighs less than 400 g and has an average power consumption of less than 5 W. Together, these characteristics make it suitable for vertical profiles using small balloons or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs). Preliminary results are presented showing measurements of optical depth and the phase function of scattered sunlight. An optical depth of about 0.03 in a clean boundary layer was measurable with an accuracy of better than 0.01.

Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Dual chemosensing properties of new ferrocene-based receptors towards fluoride and copper(II) ions

The new ferrocene based receptors N-[4-ferrocenyl-2-methyl-4-oxobut-1-enyl]-N′-phenylthiourea (1), N-[4-ferrocenyl-2-methyl-4-oxobut-1-enyl]-N′-[4-nitrophenyl]thiourea (2) were synthesized and characterized. Fluorescence titrations of receptors 1 and 2 with various transition metal ions showed selective response to Cu²⁺ ions and the emission intensities quenched significantly. Electrochemical titrations with anions revealed that receptors 1 and 2 sensed the F⁻ anion in high selectivity with a cathodic shift of 100 mV.     

A ferrocene-based multi-signaling sensor molecule functions as a molecular switch

A multi-channel signaling cation sensor R had been achieved by covalently connecting ferrocene unit to the nitrogen (CN) containing binding site. Ferrocene-based sensor R was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal XRD. The chromogenic, flourogenic and electrochemical sensor study of R in CH₃CN shows selective binding of Cu²⁺ ion. Inherently molecule R performs as molecular switch beyond the sensing role.