Polar lipids of water-melon (Citrullus vulgaris) and squash-melon (Citrullus vulgaris variety fistulosus) seeds

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the polar ttpids in water-melon (Citrullus vulgaris) and squash, melon (Citrullus vulgaris variety fistulosus) is reported under the present study. Eight classes of polar ttpids, i.e. lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidyiethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, monogalactosyldiglyceride and phosphatidic acid have been identified. In both the species, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl inositol formed the major portion of the ttpids. The squash-melon was found to contain a higher proportion of monogalactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidyl ethanolamine than water melon. Only a few fatty adds (palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic) were present in a measurable amount in the seed oils of these species with linoleic as the major and stearic as the minor one. There was great variation in the fatty add composition in different classes of polar lipids. The two species seem to be closely related to each other regarding their lipid make-up. They differ only in the fatty acid composition and the relative proportions of various classes of polar lipids.     

Expanding the optical trapping range of gold nanoparticles

We demonstrate stable three-dimensional (3D) single-beam optical trapping of gold nanoparticles with diameters between 18 and 254 nm. Three-dimensional power spectral analysis reveals that, for nanoparticles with diameters less than 100 nm, the trap stiffness is proportional to the volume of the particle. For larger particles, the trap stiffness still increases with size, however, less steeply. Finally, we provide numbers for the largest forces exertable on gold nanoparticles.     

Changes in carbohydrates during growth and development of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and kangni (Setaria italica)

Qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrate contents have been studied during the growth and development of bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and kangni (Setaria italica). Besides traces of glucofructosans, sucrose, glucose and fructose are the principal sugars present in the leaf and stem tissues of all stages of growth. As growth proceeds, water-soluble carbohydrates increase in the stem, attaining a maximum value at flowering and initiation of seed formation and thereafter steadily decline reaching a low value at maturation. Cellulose also increases with growth in bajra and jowar stem. This increase is more marked at early stages of growth. Starch content gradually increases with the simultaneous decrease in free and total reducing sugars in the developing grains. Some fructosans are also synthesised in the grains during their formation and presumably serve as intermediates in the synthesis of starch.     

Performance improvement of 60‐GHz wireless optical systems with reverse‐parallel hybrid modulation scheme

This paper improves the performance of 60‐GHz wireless optical system including radio over fibre (RoF) and radio over free space optics (RoFSO), based on novel reverse‐parallel (RP) hybrid modulation scheme. This scheme combines the chromatic dispersion compensation technique of parallel modulation with energy efficiency manipulation technique of reverse modulation. Superior functioning of RoFSO is provided with reverse modulation compared with normal modulation. Comparative investigations are performed by loading 60‐GHz RF signal with 2.5 and 10‐Gbps data and modulating it with both reverse and hybrid modulators. Hybrid modulation performed better with improved BER of 10^?23 at distance of 51 km for 2.5‐Gbps data compared with reverse modulation with BER of 10^?7.     

Software defined vehicular networks: A comprehensive review

The recent breakthroughs in the automobile industries and telecommunication technologies along with the exceptional multimodal mobility services brought focus on intelligent transportation system (ITS), of which vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) gain much more attention. The distinctive features of software‐defined networking (SDN) leverages the vehicular networks by its state of the centralized art having a comprehensive view of the network. Its potential to bring the flexibility, programmability and other extensive advancements to vehicular networks has set the stage for a novel networking paradigm termed as software‐defined vehicular networks (SDVNs). Many researchers have demonstrated the SDN‐based VANETs with the various configuration of the SDN components in VANET architecture. However, a compilation of the work on the SDN‐based VANET system as a whole, incorporating its architecture, use‐cases, and opportunities, is still inadequate. We start with the summary of the recent studies that exist on the SDVNs, followed by the comprehensive explanation of its components. Next, we present the taxonomy of SDVN based on the architecture modes, protocols, access technologies, and opportunities with trending technologies. Finally, we highlight the challenges, open research issues, and future research directions.     

Identifying incompleteness in privacy policy goals using semantic frames

Requirements Engineering - Companies that collect personal information online often maintain privacy policies that are required to accurately reflect their data practices and privacy goals. To be...     

Thermal transport properties of carbon-assisted phase change nanocomposite

Abstract

In this study, stability, density, rheology, and thermal conductivity of the Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based PCM nanocomposites were experimentally investigated. The PCM OM08 has been selected for the air-conditioning application with a phase change temperature of 8–10?°C. PCM nanocomposites (without surfactant) in various concentrations namely 0.05, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5?vol. % were prepared using a typical two-step method and high homogenous stability is achieved using a mechanical mixing technique (ultra-sonication). The density of PCM nanocomposites was measured using two different types of standard volumetric flask approach and the experimental values confirmed good conformity with the Pak and Cho mixing theory. The highest thermal conductivity augmentation of 24.03%and 64.04% were achieved in liquid and solid states, respectively, with 0.5?vol. % of MWCNT. While, the addition of MWCNT resulted in a changeover of Newtonian to Non-Newtonian behaviors at a low shear rate, and the dynamic viscosity enhancement was increased by 130% with 0.5?vol. % of MWCNT. Further, the results were compared with existing correlations and it was found that the experimental values were in line with existing correlations.