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581.
Water barrier and mechanical properties were measured for soy protein isolate (SPI) films plasticized with glycerol (GLY) and 1 of the plasticizers (propylene glycol [PG], polyethylene glycol [PEG], sorbitol [SOR], or sucrose [SUC]) at a ratio of 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 0:100. Plasticizer type as well as the plasticizer ratio in the GLY: plasticizer mixtures affected the film water barrier and mechanical properties. An addition of as little as 25% of a less hygroscopic plasticizer in the mixture induced significant reduction in water vapor permeability (WVP) of SPI films. However, at least 50% of the mixture needs to be GLY to show significant improvement in tensile strength (TS). From our experimental design, 50:50 GLY:SOR was the recommended combination because of its comparatively low WVP value and relatively high flexibility and strength. Incompatibility of GLY:PEG plasticizer mixture in SPI film was observed by surface migration of PEG from the film matrix. 相似文献
582.
Xingxing Wang Qinfang Shi Arpit Kumar Pradhan Laura Ziegon Martin Schlegel Gerhard Rammes 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
Evidence indicates that inhalative anesthetics enhance the β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) activity, increase amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ1–42) aggregation, and modulate dendritic spine dynamics. However, the mechanisms of inhalative anesthetics on hippocampal dendritic spine plasticity and BACE-dependent APP processing remain unclear. In this study, hippocampal slices were incubated with equipotent isoflurane (iso), sevoflurane (sevo), or xenon (Xe) with/without pretreatment of the BACE inhibitor LY2886721 (LY). Thereafter, CA1 dendritic spine density, APP processing-related molecule expressions, nectin-3 levels, and long-term potentiation (LTP) were tested. The nectin-3 downregulation on LTP and dendritic spines were evaluated. Sevo treatment increased hippocampal mouse Aβ1–42 (mAβ1–42), abolished CA1-LTP, and decreased spine density and nectin-3 expressions in the CA1 region. Furthermore, CA1-nectin-3 knockdown blocked LTP and reduced spine density. Iso treatment decreased spine density and attenuated LTP. Although Xe blocked LTP, it did not affect spine density, mAβ1–42, or nectin-3. Finally, antagonizing BACE activity partly restored sevo-induced deficits. Taken together, our study suggests that sevo partly elevates BACE activity and interferes with synaptic remodeling, whereas iso mildly modulates synaptic changes in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. On the other hand, Xe does not alternate dendritic spine remodeling. 相似文献
583.
Ikuo Kinoshita Joshua P. Schlegel Takashi Hibiki 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2020,57(5):553-572
ABSTRACTThe EPRI (1991) and the Clark et al. (2014) drift-flux correlations implemented in RELAP5/MOD3 code were benchmarked against the low-pressure void fraction data collected by Clark et al. (2014) at Purdue University and the high-pressure data collected by Anklam and Miller (1982) at ORNL. The Clark et al. correlation (2014) was found to perform best at low pressures of Clark et al. tests (2014), but the accuracy was deteriorated at higher pressures of Anklam and Miller tests (1982). To account for this effect, a pressure scaling factor has been added to the distribution parameter correlation to reduce the distribution parameter peaking at high pressures. This factor is dependent on the density ratio and it eliminates the distribution parameter enhancement effect for pressures over 0.5 MPa. It was confirmed that the new correlation with the correction improved the void fraction prediction performance at a higher pressure of Anklam and Miller tests (1982). The new correlation provides a transition between the Clark et al. correlation (2014) at low pressures and the correlation of Ozaki et al. (2013) and Ozaki and Hibiki (2015) at high pressures, which is excellent both in physical characteristics and scalability of two-phase flow in rod bundles. 相似文献
584.
585.
B.M. Degner K.M. Olson D. Rose V. Schlegel R. Hutkins D.J. McClements 《Journal of food engineering》2013
The freezing rate used in industrial applications may vary for a number of reasons, such as changes in food mass, food composition, and freezing equipment operation. In this study, we evaluated the influence of freezing rates on the microstructure, stability and physicochemical properties of model emulsion-based sauces. Slow freezing (−0.015 °C/min) resulted in a larger mean particle size than fast freezing (−0.11 °C/min), which was attributed to increased fat droplet flocculation and coalescence. The influence of various additives (salt, sugar, gums) on the properties of the sauces was also investigated. The addition of 200 mmol/L NaCl promoted droplet flocculation and phase separation whereas 150 mmol/L sucrose inhibited droplet flocculation and phase separation, and inhibited ice crystal growth. The addition of 0.2% xanthan gum promoted flocculation, but inhibited phase separation and ice crystal growth. Our results are interpreted in terms of the influence of the additives on the phase behavior of water, and the colloidal interactions between the fat droplets. This study provides valuable information about the major factors, i.e., salt and sugar, and influence on the stability of emulsion-based products to freeze–thaw abuses, which has important implications for the development of high quality frozen meals. 相似文献