In vitro fermentation characteristics of diets with different forage/concentrate ratios: comparison of rumen and faecal inocula

BACKGROUND: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the replacement of rumen fluid with faeces as inoculum in studying the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets for ruminants using the in vitro gas production technique. Six iso‐protein diets with different forage/concentrate ratios were incubated with rumen fluid (RI) or faeces (FI) collected from sheep. RESULTS: Most of the fermentation parameters were influenced by diet and inoculum (P < 0.01). With both inocula, organic matter degradability (dOM), cumulative gas production (OMCV) and maximum fermentation rate (R_max) increased as the amount of concentrate in the diet increased. R_max was lower with FI vs RI (P < 0.01); dOM was higher with FI vs RI and the diet × inoculum interaction was significant. As expected, with both inocula, R_max increased as the neutral detergent fibre content of the diet decreased. Significant correlations were obtained using both inocula between OMCV/dOM and gas/volatile fatty acid (VFA), while the correlation VFA/dOM was significant only with FI. The microbial biomass yield calculated by stoichiometric analysis for all diets was higher with FI vs RI. With FI the organic matter used for microbial growth showed an overall decreasing trend as the amount of concentrate in the diet increased. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that both faeces and rumen fluid from sheep have the potential to be used as inoculum for the in vitro gas production technique. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Sulla risoluzione (Nel caso lineare) di un particolare problema di speculazione

This Note takes again a late work byM. Volpato, which indicates the resolution. with method of dynamics programming, of a non-linear problem in Econometrics, for decide theoptimum in a buying and selling business. When involved functions are linear, the question becomes aLP problem whose solutions is given from known methods. Here, subject shows, by method of Volpato, a very easy proceeding involving only comparisons among the dates of question. Moreover, the result confirms an intuitive rule of Economical Policy which, perhaps for the first time, is strictly justified.

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Lavoro eseguito nell'ambito dell'attività del Gruppo di Ricerca n⁰ 38 (Univ. ca' Foscari-Venezia) del Comitato per la matematica del C.N.R. per l'A.A. 1963–64.     

A new real-time shape acquisition with a laser scanner: first test results

The first results of a new method for real-time shape acquisition with a laser scanner are presented. The new method is essentially based on the use of a laser beam and a web-cam. A digital filter parameters identification was studied for the laser line detection in the image. After this, a model for the reconstruction in real-time of the laser line in the space was developed. The first test rig was just conceived to validate the method; hence, no high resolution cameras were adopted. Nevertheless, the tests have showed encouraging results.     

Magnetic resonance butterfly coils: Design and application for hyperpolarized C studies

Hyperpolarized ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in pig models enables cardiac metabolism assessment and provides a powerful tool for heart physiology studies, although the low molar concentration of derivate metabolites gives rise to technological limitations in terms of data quality. The design of dedicated coils capable of providing large field of view with high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) data is of fundamental importance.     

Quantification of lycopene in tomato products: comparing the performances of a newly proposed direct photothermal method and high‐performance liquid chromatography

A new photothermal method suitable for direct, accurate and highly reproducible quantitative measurements of lycopene in tomato products has been introduced. The intrinsic precision of the method is typically better than 0.2%; the repeatability of determination is comparable to that of high‐performance liquid chromatography, with 0.86% least overall error. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Volatile compounds in table olives (Olea Europaea L., Nocellara del Belice cultivar)

Table olive quality depends on a number of factors, including fruit characteristics, ripening and processing technologies. Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, present both in the sample matrix and in the headspace aroma, are responsible for the olive fruit flavour influencing the consumer’s preference.     

Digital Median Filters

Several DSP algorithms need to remove high-frequency or impulsive noise while preserving edges, e.g., in speech and image processing applications: median filtering has been proved to be more effective for achieving this goal than other filtering techniques. Efficient architectural implementation for real-time applications involves a careful VLSI design, which takes into account modularity, regularity, adaptability, scalability, throughput, circuit complexity and fault tolerance. Four new architectural approaches are presented and evaluated in this paper to deal with different application and implementation constraints. They are: the serial-input polarizing median filter, the floating median filter, the pipelined polarizing median filter and the pipelined sorting median filter. The 1st and the 2nd architectures are based on majority voting, while the 3rd and the 4th ones are based on sorting techniques. All of them are designed so as to exhibit high scalability and to be easily pipelined for higher working frequencies.     

塔菜克·纳卡:空间思想的自由和严密

我首先想要对读者表明我对建筑学的观点。我试图强调如何将理念融入到空间的创造中。这不仅仅是一个建筑学问题，而且是全人类表达的一个组成部分。对于那些问“一个好建筑师需要研究些什么？”的人，有人回答是技术、有人回答是造型、还有人回答是形体学问题等等。我个人的感觉是：人，这个观点也被其他很多思索者所认同。我们再一次地发现，如果我们探寻什么，真理要比它看起来遥远得多，有时甚至看不到，而且从不确定和讨人喜欢。