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51.
Andrey V. Kikhtenko Vladimir B. Goncharov Kirill I. Zamaraev 《Catalysis Letters》1993,21(3-4):353-360
Gas phase reactions of Mo+ and W+ ions with the molecules of various oxidants (NO, O2, N2O, CH2O, C2H4O) were studied using ion cyclotron resonance. In oxidation with N2O the mono-, di- and trioxide metal cations are formed consecutively. The trioxide MO3
+ ions of both metals react with CO to form CO2 and MO2
+ ions. In this way, catalytic reaction N2O + CO N2 + CO2 occurs in the gas phase with MoO3
+ /MoO2
+ and WO3
+/WO2
+ couples as catalysts. The rate constants have been measured for both stages of the catalytic cycle as well as for the stages of the catalyst preparation. Metal-oxygen bond energies were estimated for MoOx
+ and WOx
+ species with various x. The mechanism of CO oxidation with MoOx
+ and WOx
+ cations as catalysts in the gas phase is discussed in comparison with that for the oxidation over classical solid oxide catalysts. 相似文献
52.
The concept of games with incompetence has been introduced to better represent games where players may not be capable of executing strategies that they select. In particular this paper introduces incompetence into bimatrix games and investigates the properties of such games. The results obtained describe both the general dependence of “extreme Nash equilibrium payoffs” on incompetence and special behaviour arising in particular cases. The dependence of the payoffs can be complex and include non-linearities and transition points. Transition points occur when kernels change and may result in the number of “extreme Nash equilibria” changing. Understanding these changes allows the determination of the benefits of regimes that seek to decrease a player’s incompetence. While the games we consider are normally static, in our context there is a hidden dynamics resulting from the fact that players will strive to improve their equilibrium payoffs by changing their incompetence levels. This might require training, in the case of games like tennis, or it might require the purchase of new equipment costing billions of dollars, in the case of military applications. 相似文献
53.
Igor Goldfarb Vladimir Gol’dshtein J. Barry. Greenberg Ann Zinoviev 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2006,56(2):129-142
Recent experimental evidence has uncovered the peculiar behavior of certain gel droplets which, under appropriate ambient
thermal conditions, evaporate and burn in an oscillatory fashion. In this work a preliminary foray is made into the theoretical
analysis of the nature of the evolution of a hot gas mixture containing organic gel fuel droplets with oscillatory evaporation
within the context of thermal-explosion theory. The problem is modeled as a system of highly nonlinear singularly perturbed
ordinary differential equations. Non-dimensionalization of the equations enables identification of the parameters that play
a major role in determining the dynamical regimes of the system of equations. The method of integral manifolds is exploited
for the analysis and it is found, that for certain parametric regions, the system exhibits new dynamical behavior that is
quite different from that found for conventional liquid droplets. 相似文献
54.
A new meshless method for computing the dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs) in continuously non-homogeneous solids under a transient dynamic load is presented. The method is based on the local boundary integral equation (LBIE) formulation and the moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The analyzed domain is divided into small subdomains, in which a weak solution is assumed to exist. Nodal points are randomly spread in the analyzed domain and each one is surrounded by a circle centered at the collocation point. The boundary-domain integral formulation with elastostatic fundamental solutions for homogeneous solids in Laplace-transformed domain is used to obtain the weak solution for subdomains. On the boundary of the subdomains, both the displacement and the traction vectors are unknown generally. If modified elastostatic fundamental solutions vanishing on the boundary of the subdomain are employed, the traction vector is eliminated from the local boundary integral equations for all interior nodal points. The spatial variation of the displacements is approximated by the MLS scheme. 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
Fiach C. O'Mahony Toms C. O'Riordan Natalia Papkovskaia Vladimir I. Ogurtsov Joe P. Kerry Dmitri B. Papkovsky 《Packaging Technology and Science》2004,17(4):225-234
An optical oxygen analyser was used in two small‐scale industrial trials to non‐destructively assess the quality of packaged convenience foods and packaging process. Beef lasagne packed under 70% vacuum and cooked under standard sous vide conditions was monitored for residual oxygen, using disposable sensors incorporated in each pack and a benchtop optical oxygen analyser. High levels of residual oxygen close to ambient were determined in the majority of packs after packaging, as opposed to anticipated levels of 4–5%. Residual oxygen was monitored over product shelf‐life (4 weeks at +4–10°C) along with measurement of microbial growth and lipid oxidation in food by conventional destructive methods. Oxygen levels in packs went down to almost zero between weeks 2 and 3 indicating deterioration of packaged product. Correlation between oxygen profiles and the rate of microbial growth and lipid oxidation was established. The optical oxygen sensor system was shown to provide valuable information about performance of the packaging process, product storage conditions and food quality in a convenient and cost‐efficient fashion and non‐destructively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
Velocity Distribution in the Roughness Layer of Rough-Bed Flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vladimir Nikora Katinka Koll Ian McEwan Stephen McLean Andreas Dittrich 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,130(10):1036-1042
Several models for the vertical distribution of the double-averaged (in time and in the plane parallel to the mean bed) longitudinal velocity in the flow region between roughness troughs and roughness tops are suggested. We found that the same model for velocity distribution may be applicable to a range of flow conditions and roughness types, which share some common features. The suggested models for velocity distribution in the near-bed region are: (1) Constant velocity; (2) exponential velocity distribution; and (3) linear velocity distribution. The measured velocity distributions may be approximated by a single model or by a combination of models depending on roughness geometry and flow conditions. The validity of these models for velocity distribution is supported by laboratory data. 相似文献
59.
Laszlo Szathmary Petko Valtchev Amedeo Napoli Robert Godin Alix Boc Vladimir Makarenkov 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2014,70(1-2):81-105
In pattern mining and association rule mining, there is a variety of algorithms for mining frequent closed itemsets (FCIs) and frequent generators (FGs), whereas a smaller part further involves the precedence relation between FCIs. The interplay of these three constructs and their joint computation have been studied within the formal concept analysis (FCA) field yet none of the proposed algorithms is scalable. In frequent pattern mining, at least one suite of efficient algorithms has been designed that exploits basically the same ideas and follows the same overall computational schema. Based on an in-depth analysis of the aforementioned interplay that is rooted in a fundamental duality from hypergraph theory, we propose a new schema that should enable for a more parsimonious computation. We exemplify the new schema in the design of Snow-Touch, a concrete FCI/FG/precedence miner that reuses an existing algorithm, Charm, for mining FCIs, and completes it with two original methods for mining FGs and precedence, respectively. The performance of Snow-Touch and of its closest competitor, Charm-L, were experimentally compared using a large variety of datasets. The outcome of the experimental study suggests that our method outperforms Charm-L on dense data while on sparse one the trend is reversed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usefulness of our method and the new schema through an application to the analysis of a genome dataset. The initial results reported here confirm the capacity of the method to focus on significant associations. 相似文献
60.
Sergey I. Shkuratov Jason Baird Vladimir G. Antipov Shujun Zhang Jay B. Chase 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(48)
A new type of energy storage devices utilizing multilayer Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 films is studied experimentally and numerically. To release the stored energy, the multilayer ferroelectric structures are subjected to adiabatic compression perpendicular to the polarization direction. Obtained results indicate that electrical interference between layers (10–120 layers) during stress wave transit through the structures has an effect on the generated current waveforms, but no impact on the released electric charge. The multilayer films undergo a pressure‐induced phase transition to antiferroelectric phase at 1.7 GPa adiabatic compression and become completely depolarized, releasing surface screening charge with density equal to their remnant polarization. An energy density of 3 J cm?3 is successfully achieved with giant power density on the order of 2 MW cm?3, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of any other type of energy storage device. The outputs of multilayer structures can be precisely controlled by the parameters of the ferroelectric layer and the number of layers. Multilayer film modules with a volume of 0.7 cm3 are capable of producing 2.4 kA current, not achievable in electrochemical capacitors or batteries, which will greatly enhance the miniaturization and integration requirements for emerging high‐power applications. 相似文献