Choice of a pertinent color space for color texture characterization using parametric spectral analysis

This article presents a comparison of different color spaces including RGB, IHLS and L?a*b* for color texture characterization. This comparison is based on the fusion of the independent spatial structure and color feature cues. In IHLS and L*a*b*, two channel complex color images are created from the luminance and the chrominance values. For such images, two dimensional complex multichannel linear prediction models are used to perform parametric power spectrum estimation and the structure feature cues are computed from this estimated power spectrum. Quantitative comparison of auto spectra of luminance and combined chrominance channels for different color spaces is done. This comparison is based on the degree of decorrelation between luminance and chrominance information provided by different color space transformations. Three dimensional histograms are used as color feature cues. Then, to classify color textures, Kullback-Leibler divergence based symmetric distance measures are calculated for pure color, luminance structure and chrominance structure feature cues. Individual as well as combined effect of information from all feature cues on classification results is then compared for different color spaces and different color texture data sets. The proposed color texture classification method performs better than the state of the art methods in certain cases. The L*a*b* color space gives us a better characterization of the chrominance spatial structure as well as the overall spatial structure for all of the chosen data sets. Experimental results on pixel classification of color textures are also presented and discussed.     

Prediction of sediment inflows to Angereb dam reservoir using the SRH‐1D sediment transport model

Angereb Dam, located in Ethiopia, was constructed in early 1994 as a water supply for the town of Gondar up to the year 2020. The reservoir could not achieve this objective, however, because of significant sedimentation problems. Accordingly, one objective of this study was to simulate the historical reservoir sedimentation pattern, as well as predict the near future (until 2015) sedimentation pattern of Angereb Reservoir. The Sedimentation and River Hydraulics one‐dimensional model (SRH‐1D), version 2.6, was used for this purpose. Another objective was to propose possible mitigation measures to reduce the quantity and rate of sedimentation in the reservoir. There was generally good agreement between measurements and model simulations, with the observed trends being well simulated. The exception was that the model tended to overpredict the sediment deposition volumes in the upstream reaches of the reservoir. The two mitigation alternatives for addressing the sedimentation problem, namely managing sediments in the watershed and flushing sediment through the dam bottom outlet, appear to be technically feasibility, with a predicted reduction of the volume of deposited sediment between 63 and 80% be achievable.     

Towards new web services based supervisory systems in complex industrial organizations: Basic principles and case study

Mobility, cooperation and the information access of the different human actors within a complex industrial organization are some of the concerns of web-based HMI design. In this paper we highlight the application of some key concepts of web services for the specification and design of a complex supervisory web-based HMI. Hence, a novel approach based on a service oriented architecture and web services allowing flexible and transparent interaction between the field devices and human operators currently being considered is now possible. An overall design framework is presented and discussed. A real representative case study illustrating this approach is described and discussed from the human-machine interaction point of view, as well as further work.     

Static Ferromagnetic Modulation Revealed by Neutron Scattering in La1?xCaxMnO3

Mn perovskites La_1–x Ca _x MnO₃ (0x0.1) have been studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and elastic neutron scattering (ESANS). At low temperature, both experiments reveal a broad modulation centered at the same q _m whatever the q direction. This scattering pattern is typical of a liquid-like distribution of similar magnetic droplets, or large magnetic polarons.     

The determination of volume ratios by gas depletion through multiple expansions

We present a new technique for the determination of the volume ratio of two vacuum chambers connected through a valve. The method is based on the measurement of the pressure in a chamber filled with a gas that is repeatedly depleted by expansion in a second chamber that was previously evacuated. Our calculation shows that under the reported measurement conditions, this technique has an uncertainty comparable to that obtained from the gas accumulation technique [Elliott KWT, Clapham PB.The accurate measurement of the volume ratios of vacuum vessels. NPL Report MOM 28, January 1978]. An excellent equivalence between the results obtained with this new technique and the measurements obtained by the gas accumulation technique is demonstrated.     

Reactions of saturated hydrocarbons I. Oxidation of isoparaffins by chromic acid

Measurements of the rate of reduction of chromium(VI) oxide in acetic acid–acetic anhydride solution by 2-methyl-pentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and 2,4-dimethylpentane show that the initial rate depends on the number and nature of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon. When steric or other interaction effects prevail between adjacent atoms or groups in the molecule, these effects also influence the rate. The values obtained for the oxidation rates agree with those calculated from a proposed expression (Rn_p+R'n_s+R'n_t)/(n_p+n_s+n_t) based on the formula of Chambers & Ubbelohde.     

Extraction of delta-lognormal parameters from handwriting strokes

In the context of the Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movement, handwriting strokes are considered to be primitives that reflect the intrinsic properties of the neuromuscular system of a writer as well as the basic control strategies that the writer uses to produce such strokes. The study of these strokes relies on the extraction of the different parameters that characterize a stroke velocity profile. In this paper, we present a new method for stroke parameter extraction. The algorithm is described and evaluated under various testing conditions.     

Use of modelling for optimization and upgrade of a tropical wastewater treatment plant in a developing country.

This paper presents results of a novel application of coupling the Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) and the Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) to assess a tropical wastewater treatment plant in a developing country (Surat, India). In general, the coupled model was very capable of predicting current plant operation. The model proved to be a useful tool in investigating various scenarios for optimising treatment performance under present conditions and examination of upgrade options to meet stricter and upcoming effluent discharge criteria regarding N removal. It appears that use of plant-wide modelling of wastewater treatment plants is a promising approach towards addressing often complex interactions within the plant itself. It can also create an enabling environment for the implementations of the novel side processes for treatment of nutrient-rich, side-streams (reject water) from sludge treatment.