Ein neues Zentrum der Holzforschung in den Vereinigten Staaten Das Hugh P. Baker Laboratory

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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A new center of wood research in the United States the Hugh P. Baker Laboratory

     

Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at risk.

The components of self-regulation were analyzed, extending the self-imposed delay of gratification paradigm to older children with social adjustment problems. Delay behavior was related to a network of conceptually relevant cognitive person variables, consisting of attention deployment strategies during delay, knowledge of delay rules, and intelligence. A positive relationship was demonstrated between concurrent indexes of intelligence, attention deployment, and actual delay time. Moreover, attention deployment, measured as an individual differences variable during the delay process, had a direct, positive effect on delay behavior. Specifically, as the duration of delay and the frustration of the situation increased, children who spent a higher proportion of the time distracting themselves from the tempting elements of the delay situation were able to delay longer. The effect of attention deployment on delay behavior was significant even when age, intelligence, and delay rule knowledge were controlled. Likewise, delay rule knowledge significantly predicted delay time, even when age, attention deployment, and intelligence were controlled. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tariff rates as estimates of actual freight charges

A number of research problems, particularly those involving the location theory or interregional competition require information on prices charged for transport services. This paper deals with a practical problem of discovering these prices and the extent to which tariff rates approximate the actual freight charges. It compares freight rates obtained from tariffs of individual carriers with actual freight charges for the same sample of shipments. The results show that for truckload shipments of large shippers the tariff bureau rates exceeded actual freight charges by some 30 percent but that freight rates obtained from individual carrier tariffs approximated actual charges very closely.     

Intuitive interactionism in person perception: Effects of situation-behavior relations on dispositional judgments.

To examine the effects of the relationships between behavior and the situation in which it occurs, we manipulated such relations and exposed subjects to them. Impressions were similar when based on the behaviors presented with situations unspecified (e.g., child hits) or when the situations in which they naturally occurred were specified (e.g., child hits when provoked). However, when situations were specified, subjects' impressions more accurately predicted individual differences in the children's actual levels of overall aggressive behavior. When the veridical situation–behavior relations were increasingly altered, the targets were perceived as being less plausible and increasingly maladjusted and odd, and correlations decreased between the perceived level of the children's aggressiveness and their actual aggressive behavior. Thus, both personality impressions and predictive accuracy were influenced by the relations between the target's behaviors and their situational contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The microstrain behavior of a bcc Fe-Si-Ti alloy

An investigation of the microstrain behavior of an age-hardenable, ferritic Fe-Si-Ti alloy has been made with the aim of characterizing the deformation processes in the early stages of yielding. In the solution-treated condition the value of the elastic limit obtained of 268 MN/m² after 1 pct prestrain is comparable with published values for Fe-Si alloys. In the aged conditions mechanical hysteresis was detected with zero prestrain and this is attributed to the restoring force on glide dislocations produced by antiphase boundaries in sheared particles. Both the elastic and anelastic limits are strongly dependent on the state of precipitation. In the prepeak and peak aged conditions the anelastic limit exhibits an extremely high dependence on strain. This is attributed to glide dislocations encountering areas of the particle array which are more difficult to penetrate and to the rapidly growing back stress due to dislocation accumulation in the well defined slip bands which are characteristic of deformation of this type of alloy.     

Autonomic responses during a replicable interrogation.

Calculated heart-rate and pulse-volume responses to visual and auditory stimuli associated with a replicable interrogation as stimulus-triggered across-S averages for 2 experimental groups totaling 75 18-25 yr. olds. Certain stressful points within the interrogator's question syntax could be determined from these average evoked responses, and the magnitude of group reactions to specific question-answer items could be scaled. Differential responses to audiotaped and videotaped stimuli were observed, the audio-only format inducing greater and more varied autonomic changes. The actual stress-value of specific question items and the shape of each average response were contingent on the sequence in which the items were presented. Selected subgroups of deceptive and embarrassing answers were isolated and separately evaluated. Implications of these observations for the analysis of individual responses to specific questions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Oxytocin analogues with combined high smooth muscle and negligible antidiuretic activities. Investigation of position 7 in neurohypophyseal hormones

The proline residue in position 7 of oxytocin occupies one of the four corner positions in the two beta turns proposed for the preferred conformation of the pituitary hormone. It has been suggested that synthetic modifications of the residues in these corner positions will yield analogues in which one or more of the biological activities of the parent hormone is highly accentuated in terms of potency relative to other activities. In a continued effort to test this hypothesis the following analogues of oxytocin were prepared: [7-glycine]oxytocin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid,7-glycine]oxytocin, [7-alanine]oxytocin, and [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid,7-alanine]oxytocin. These peptides were found to possess the following specific activities, respectively: rat uterotonic, 65 +/- 2, 355 +/- 3, 22 +/- 1, 123 +/- 4; avian vasodepressor, 5.3 +/- 0.8, 17 +/- 0.4, 4.8 +/- 0.1, 9.8 +/- 0.5; rat antidiuretic, less than0.01, 0.062, 0.081 +/- 0.01, 0.17 +/- 0.01; rat pressor, 0.3, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5 unit/mg. Thus the analogues retain high uterotonic activity but exhibit strongly diminished renal and vascular activities relative to oxytocin. Especially noteworthy is [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid,7-glycine]oxytocin with its high uterotonic activity but very low antidiuretic and pressor activities. The activity profile of this analogue combined with the fact that it is only slowly enzymatically degraded warrants further investigations of this peptide for clinical applications.     

Age changes in human abilities: A 28-year longitudinal study.

32 Ss from a group of 485 White University of Southern California (USC) undergraduates who were tested on the Army Alpha Examination (AAE) in 1944 were retested in 1972. Comparisons were made between these Ss' early (A1) and later (A2) scores and those of a group (B) of 32 matched 1972 USC undergraduates. Results showed a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrement on the relations factor when A2 scores were compared to A1 and B but little difference between A1 vs B scores. On the verbal factor no differences were found between A2 and B, but when A1 vs A2 and A1 vs B were compared there was a one-half SD gain in favor of the later tests. On the number factor, females showed a 1 SD difference in favor of B when its scores were compared to those of A2 or A1. There were no differences for males on this factor. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)