控制硫酸铜加入量实现脱硫废水回用的初步研究

以Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液为吸收液的湿法氧化脱硫技术所形成的脱硫废液,含有大量的Na2SO4、Na2S2O3、NaSCN,导致脱硫效率降低且严重超出污水排放标准,成为生产和环保的难题。提出在脱硫废液中加入适量硫酸铜,当硫酸铜的加入量为废液中NaSCN含量的50%左右时,可形成物相纯净的CuSCN沉淀,同时水体中S2O32-转化为SO42-,而且未检测出溶液中有残余的铜离子。经过该法处理过的水体中SCN-、S2O32-浓度显著降低,SO42-浓度增加接近饱和浓度值,再采用低温结晶法析出部分Na2SO4后可作为脱硫液补水回用。     

Effects of partial replacement of commercial fillers by recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder on the properties of natural rubber composites

Commercial fillers, including carbon black (N550), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and precipitated silica, were replaced by recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder (R‐PET) in natural rubber (NR) composites. Five different compositions of NR/N550/R‐PET, NR/HNTs/R‐PET, and NR/silica/R‐PET compounds, i.e., 100/20/0, 100/15/5, 100/10/10, 100/5/15, and 100/0/20 parts per hundred rubber (phr), were prepared on a two‐roll mill. The curing behavior, tensile properties, and morphological characteristics of the natural rubber composites were investigated. The results indicated that the replacement of carbon black, HNTs, and silica by R‐PET decreased the tensile strength and tensile modulus, such that NR/silica/R‐PET composites showed the lowest effect, followed by NR/HNTs/R‐PET and NR/N550/R‐PET composites. The negative effect on these properties can be explained by the decrease of crosslink density. The curing results revealed that with the replacement of carbon black by R‐PET, the scorch time and cure time decreased, but that the NR/HNTs/R‐PET and NR/silica/R‐PET composites exhibited the opposite trend. Scanning electron microscopy investigation of tensile fracture surfaces confirmed that the co‐incorporation of N550/R‐PET improved the dispersion of R‐PET and enhanced the interaction between the fillers and NR matrix more than R‐PET and silica/R‐PET hybrid fillers. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

毕赤酵母摇瓶产木聚糖酶发酵条件的优化

对毕赤酵母摇瓶发酵产木聚糖酶的培养条件进行优化。单因素实验结果表明,该菌产木聚糖酶的最佳碳源为麸皮,最佳氮源为酵母膏;通过正交实验得到工程菌的最佳摇瓶培养条件为30℃、接1种量10％、初始pH5．5、初始甲醇含量1．0％;甲醇最佳诱导时间为18h,经优化后,木聚糖酶酶活达到1765IU·ml^-1。该酶耐热温度为70℃。     

灵感与建筑创作

建筑作品成功与否取决于建筑最初的创意．建筑创作过程以主体对客体的认知深度及知识积累为基础,并在外部条件或主体自身条件的限制和刺激下完成．设计过程一般经过调查研究、分析问题、产生构思、形成方案４ 个阶段,但又往往包含着跳跃性和创造性的思维,并非一成不变地依照固定的顺序进行．这种思维的跳跃即是灵感．在各方面信息和灵感的冲击下,思维模式往往呈现纵横交织的网状结构．人们往往把灵感看作创作中不可控制的因素,而理性地探索思维模式与建筑创作的内在联系也许可以帮助我们更加主动地掌握和参与创作的过程．     

基于声波测试的矿柱稳定性模糊推理系统及其应用

分析了矿柱波速变化与载荷之间的关系以及矿柱破裂区分布与波速分布的对应关系，讨论了矿柱波速与其稳定性之间的模糊不确定性的特点，在此基础上，应用模糊数学理论建立了以完整系数为输入变量、矿柱稳定程度及局部破坏可能性为输出变量的模糊推理系统。将该推理系统应用于浙江遂昌金矿矿柱稳定性声波测试工程实践中，得到的推理结果与现场实际情况基本一致，即使在声波测点较少的情况下，系统仍具有良好的推理效果。     

浅谈火灾探测器定期清洗及维护

简要介绍了火灾探测器的发展及其应用 ,针对其结构组成、工作原因等详细阐述了火灾探测器必须定期清洗、维护 ,并指出其清洗维护须由专业公司来完成     

建筑结构对带内热源工业厂房自然通风影响的数值研究

在热源参数一定而分别改变进风口面积、进风口离地高度、矩形天窗喉部开口面积及排风口面积等建筑结构参数的情况下,对工业厂房自然通风的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同计算工况下的通风量、排风温度、工作区的平均温度、热量分布系数及其变化规律,分析了工业厂房的建筑结构对自然通风的影响.     

The spatial distribution and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in a large eutrophic lake in eastern China: Anthropogenic effects

The emission of N₂O from China is globally significant, but relatively few direct observations have been made in many of the fresh water environments most likely to be important sites of N₂O production. In this paper, N₂O saturations were examined in the ecologically heterogeneous, eutrophied, Lake Taihu, as well as in surrounding rivers in eastern China. The emissions of N₂O were estimated and compared with those from other landscapes within the Lake Taihu drainage basin. We found that anthropogenically-enhanced inorganic N inputs act as a limited primary control on the spatial distribution of N₂O saturations in heavily eutrophied parts of the lake only and that overall, lake N₂O production and emission are not raised as significantly as expected due to high N inputs. In comparison, the heavily eutrophied river network is an important fraction of the local N₂O budget, and when considered together with emissions of N₂O from the lake, constitute a major (10-50% depending on season) fraction of total N₂O emissions from the Lake Taihu drainage basin.     

Alternating anoxic feast/aerobic famine condition for improving granular sludge formation in sequencing batch airlift reactor at reduced aeration rate

In this study the influence of a pre-anoxic feast period on granular sludge formation in a sequencing batch airlift reactor is evaluated. Whereas a purely aerobic SBR was operated as a reference (reactor R2), another reactor (R1) was run with a reduced aeration rate and an alternating anoxic-aerobic cycle reinforced by nitrate feeding. The presence of pre-anoxic phase clearly improved the densification of aggregates and allowed granular sludge formation at reduced air flow rate (superficial air velocity (SAV) = 0.63 cm s⁻¹). A low sludge volume index (SVI₃₀ = 45 mL g⁻¹) and a high MLSS concentration (9–10 g L⁻¹) were obtained in the anoxic/aerobic system compared to more conventional results for the aerobic reactor. A granular sludge was observed in the anoxic/aerobic system whilst only flocs were observed in the aerobic reference even when operated at a high aeration rate (SAV = 2.83 cm s⁻¹). Nitrification was maintained efficiently in the anoxic/aerobic system even when organic loading rate (OLR) was increased up to 2.8 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹. In the contrary nitrification was unstable in the aerobic system and dropped at high OLR due to competition between autotrophic and heterotrophic growth. The presence of a pre-anoxic period positively affected granulation process via different mechanisms: enhancing heterotrophic growth/storage deeper in the internal anoxic layer of granule, reducing the competition between autotrophic and heterotrophic growth. These processes help to develop dense granular sludge at a moderate aeration rate. This tends to confirm that oxygen transfer is the most limiting factor for granulation at reduced aeration. Hence the use of an alternative electron acceptor (nitrate or nitrite) should be encouraged during feast period for reducing energy demand of the granular sludge process.     

三峡地区古代城镇时空格局变迁

三峡库区移民搬迁和城镇建设导致地域文化传统与社会结构正面临不可逆转的“建设性破坏”。考证相关史料,分析古代三峡地区开发理念和模式的相关影响因素及其逻辑关系,以及与同时代中原诸国比较研究。结果显示,三峡地区古代城镇时空格局在区域观念上具有朴素的生态流域观,在实施策略上呈现“点 轴”型开发模式。重建其历史变迁过程是修复上述“建设性破坏”矛盾的基础研究之一。其原因在于,这一过程受到自然地理格局的基础性型范作用,地域文化系统的内驱性动力干扰和社会结构方式的技术性体系控制。