浅谈火灾探测器定期清洗及维护

简要介绍了火灾探测器的发展及其应用 ,针对其结构组成、工作原因等详细阐述了火灾探测器必须定期清洗、维护 ,并指出其清洗维护须由专业公司来完成     

建筑结构对带内热源工业厂房自然通风影响的数值研究

在热源参数一定而分别改变进风口面积、进风口离地高度、矩形天窗喉部开口面积及排风口面积等建筑结构参数的情况下,对工业厂房自然通风的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同计算工况下的通风量、排风温度、工作区的平均温度、热量分布系数及其变化规律,分析了工业厂房的建筑结构对自然通风的影响.     

The spatial distribution and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in a large eutrophic lake in eastern China: Anthropogenic effects

The emission of N₂O from China is globally significant, but relatively few direct observations have been made in many of the fresh water environments most likely to be important sites of N₂O production. In this paper, N₂O saturations were examined in the ecologically heterogeneous, eutrophied, Lake Taihu, as well as in surrounding rivers in eastern China. The emissions of N₂O were estimated and compared with those from other landscapes within the Lake Taihu drainage basin. We found that anthropogenically-enhanced inorganic N inputs act as a limited primary control on the spatial distribution of N₂O saturations in heavily eutrophied parts of the lake only and that overall, lake N₂O production and emission are not raised as significantly as expected due to high N inputs. In comparison, the heavily eutrophied river network is an important fraction of the local N₂O budget, and when considered together with emissions of N₂O from the lake, constitute a major (10-50% depending on season) fraction of total N₂O emissions from the Lake Taihu drainage basin.     

Alternating anoxic feast/aerobic famine condition for improving granular sludge formation in sequencing batch airlift reactor at reduced aeration rate

In this study the influence of a pre-anoxic feast period on granular sludge formation in a sequencing batch airlift reactor is evaluated. Whereas a purely aerobic SBR was operated as a reference (reactor R2), another reactor (R1) was run with a reduced aeration rate and an alternating anoxic-aerobic cycle reinforced by nitrate feeding. The presence of pre-anoxic phase clearly improved the densification of aggregates and allowed granular sludge formation at reduced air flow rate (superficial air velocity (SAV) = 0.63 cm s⁻¹). A low sludge volume index (SVI₃₀ = 45 mL g⁻¹) and a high MLSS concentration (9–10 g L⁻¹) were obtained in the anoxic/aerobic system compared to more conventional results for the aerobic reactor. A granular sludge was observed in the anoxic/aerobic system whilst only flocs were observed in the aerobic reference even when operated at a high aeration rate (SAV = 2.83 cm s⁻¹). Nitrification was maintained efficiently in the anoxic/aerobic system even when organic loading rate (OLR) was increased up to 2.8 kg COD m⁻³ d⁻¹. In the contrary nitrification was unstable in the aerobic system and dropped at high OLR due to competition between autotrophic and heterotrophic growth. The presence of a pre-anoxic period positively affected granulation process via different mechanisms: enhancing heterotrophic growth/storage deeper in the internal anoxic layer of granule, reducing the competition between autotrophic and heterotrophic growth. These processes help to develop dense granular sludge at a moderate aeration rate. This tends to confirm that oxygen transfer is the most limiting factor for granulation at reduced aeration. Hence the use of an alternative electron acceptor (nitrate or nitrite) should be encouraged during feast period for reducing energy demand of the granular sludge process.     

三峡地区古代城镇时空格局变迁

三峡库区移民搬迁和城镇建设导致地域文化传统与社会结构正面临不可逆转的“建设性破坏”。考证相关史料,分析古代三峡地区开发理念和模式的相关影响因素及其逻辑关系,以及与同时代中原诸国比较研究。结果显示,三峡地区古代城镇时空格局在区域观念上具有朴素的生态流域观,在实施策略上呈现“点 轴”型开发模式。重建其历史变迁过程是修复上述“建设性破坏”矛盾的基础研究之一。其原因在于,这一过程受到自然地理格局的基础性型范作用,地域文化系统的内驱性动力干扰和社会结构方式的技术性体系控制。     

胶层厚度和耐湿老化对夹层玻璃中PVB胶与玻璃界面粘结性能的影响

夹层玻璃的耐久性和安全可靠性与其界面粘结性能密切相关。本文首次提出了十字交叉法测量夹层玻璃中PVB胶与玻璃的界面拉伸和剪切粘结强度,分别研究了加载速度效应、PVB胶层厚度效应和湿度老化等的影响。结果表明:测量夹层玻璃中PVB胶与玻璃粘结强度的加载速度应选取5mm/min。当胶合层厚度相同时,界面拉伸粘结强度高于其剪切粘结强度,PVB胶层厚度越大,其拉伸粘结强度和剪切粘结强度都逐渐越低。单层PVB胶片与玻璃之间的界面拉伸粘结强度最大值为11.49MPa。耐湿老化对玻璃与PVB胶的界面粘结强度影响不大,即使老化60天后,其拉伸粘结强度也仅下降12.3%。     

虚拟环境中线缆建模及布线的研究与实现

针对虚拟环境中因线缆柔性可变特性而引起的难以表达及操作不便的问题，提出线缆的离散控制点建模方法以及基于离散控制点线缆模型的单控制点局部布线、多控制点局部布线和整体布线方法，达到了在虚拟环境中对线缆进行快速布线的目的；通过实时跟踪和记录线缆控制点的空间位姿，实现了布线过程及结果数据的存储，为后续的布线工艺规划奠定了基础。     

静电除尘器进口流场的测试与分析

针对某燃煤电厂12.5MW机组锅炉电除尘器除尘效率低现状,本文提出在除尘器进口烟道上加装导流板的方法,即在垂直向上的弯头内的弧形导流板以及位于弧形导流板上部渐扩烟道内的渐扩导流板和三角烟箱内的斜导流板,通过试验发现改善了烟气分布不均匀的情况,提高了除尘器除尘效率.     

考虑几何非线性的结构形状优化灵敏度分析

基于非线性增量有限元理论,给出了全拉格朗日描述下的空间结构优化设计有限元刚度表达式,导出了考虑几何非线性项的结构形状优化位移灵敏度和应力灵敏度的计算公式,并通过数值算例验证了公式的正确性和有效性,同时表明灵敏度分析中,考虑几何非线性项将显著提高优化设计的效率和精度。     

激光表面微孔化改善端面密封的摩擦学性能

采用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器在T8钢表面进行微孔化处理,模拟机械端面密封的摩擦工况,利用环-盘式摩擦试验机测试其不同载荷和速度条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明:激光微孔化的T8钢盘表面的微孔直径为200 mm,切向间距800 mm,径向间距400 mm,孔中心深度为10 mm左右;随着载荷和速度的增大,微孔结构摩擦副和光滑摩擦副的摩擦因数都呈先减小后增大的趋势,但与光滑摩擦副相比,多孔端面密封可以将最大pv提高2.5倍。微孔可作为润滑剂存储器在摩擦过程中持续给接触面间供油,同时可捕捉摩擦面间的磨损粒子减少犁沟的形成,因而激光微孔技术是一种减小磨损、增加润滑膜的使用寿命的有效方法。