Summary Isothermal cure kinetics ofEPON HPT 1071/DDS system have been performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The maximum cure rate and the extent of conversion at various DDS concentrations were studied as a function of cure temperature. Maximum cure rate increases with increasing cure temperature and DDS concentration. At various DDS concentrations, the maximum cure rate occured between 19–22% conversion. In order to evaluate the kinetic parameters, numerical calculations by means of a Newton-Raphson technique and experimental results obtained from the peak of reaction rate curve were undertaken. 相似文献
In an effort to improve the properties of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) as an antistaling enzyme, error-prone PCR was used to introduce random mutations into a CGTase cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. I-5 (CGTase I-5). A mutant CGTase[3-18] with the three mutations M234T, F259I and V591A was selected by agar plate assay. Sequence alignment of various CGTases indicated that M234 and F259 are located in the vicinity of the catalytic sites of the enzyme and V591 in the starch binding domain E. The cyclization activity of CGTase[3-18] was dramatically decreased by 10-fold, while the hydrolyzing activity was increased by up to 15-fold. These mutations near subsite +1 (M234T) and at subsite +2 (F259I) are likely to alter the enzyme activity in a concerted manner, promoting hydrolysis of substrate while retarding cyclization. The addition of CGTase[3-18] reduced the retrogradation rate of bread by as much as did the commercial antistaling enzyme Novamyl during 7-day storage at 4 degrees C. No cyclodextrin (CD) was detected in bread treated with CGTase[3-18], whereas 21 mg of CD per 10 g of bread was produced in bread treated with wild-type CGTase. 相似文献
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to
conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on
the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO2 films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO2 surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction
of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy
distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and
the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e.,
geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO2 for DSSC. 相似文献
The main purpose of the study was to develop a model using ASPEN and Excel simulation method to establish optimum CO2 separation process utilizing hollow fiber membrane modules to treat exhaust gas from LNG combustion. During the simulation,
optimum conditions of each CO2 separation scenario were determined while operating parameters of CO2 separation process were varied. The characteristics of hollow fibers membrane were assigned as 60 GPU of permeability and
25 of selectivity for the simulation. The simulation results illustrated that 4 stage connection of membrane module is required
in order to achieve over 99% of CO2 purity and 90% of recovery rate. The resulted optimum design and operation parameters throughout the simulation were also
correlated with the experimental data from the actual CO2 separation facility which has a capacity of 1,000 Nm3/day located in the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. Throughout the simulation, the operating parameters of
minimum energy consumption were evaluated. Economic analysis of pilot scale of CO2 separation plant was done with the comparison of energy cost of CO2 recovery and equipment cost of the plant based on the simulation model.
This work was presented at the 6th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006. 相似文献
In an ASZ/A384 Al composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to take place between the SiO2 binder layer and Mg within the matrix to form MgAl2O4 at the interface. Formation of MgAl2O4 at the interface between ASZ short fibers and the Al matrix alloy is believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength,
resulting in improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/A384 Al proceeds at the expense of
Mg in the matrix, resulting in a composite devoid of Mg bearing precipitates such as Al2CuMg and Mg2Si. 相似文献
Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI 316L have been used in equipment in which fluid flows at high speeds which can induce cavitation erosion on metallic surfaces due to the collapse of cavities, where the collapse is caused by the sudden change of local pressure within the liquid. Usually AISI 316L is susceptible to cavitation erosion. This research focuses on developing a better material to replace the AISI 316L used in equipment with high speed fluid flow, such as impellers. The effects of Rare Earth Metal (REM) additions on the cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels were studied using metallographic examination, the potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, the tensile test, the X-ray diffraction test and the ultrasonic cavitation erosion test. The experimental alloys were found to have superior mechanical properties due to interstitial solid solution strengthening, by adding high nitrogen (0.4%), as well as by the refinement of phases and grains induced by fine REM oxides and oxy-sulfides. Corrosion resistance decreases in a gentle gradient as the REM content increases. However, REM containing alloys show superior corrosion resistance compared with that of other commercial alloys (SAF 2507, AISI 316L). Owing to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the alloys containing REM have high cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance. 相似文献
Recently, pedestrian detection systems have become an important technology in the development of the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for the autonomous car. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is currently the most basic algorithm for detecting pedestrians, but it treats the entire body of the pedestrian as one single feature. In other words, if the entire body of the pedestrian is not visible, the detection rate under HOG decreases markedly. To solve this problem, we propose a detection system using a deformable part model (DPM) that divides the pedestrian data into two parts using a latent support vector machine (SVM)-based machine-learning technique. Experimental results show that our approach achieves better performance in a detection system than the existing method. In practice, there are many occlusions in the environment in front of the vehicle. For example, the surrounding transport facilities, such as a car or another obstacle, can occlude a pedestrian. These occlusions can increase the false detection rate and cause difficulties during the detection process. Our proposed method uses a different approach and can easily be applied in real-world scenarios, regardless of occlusions.