Enhanced Thermal Stability and Efficiency of Polymer Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells by Low‐Temperature Drying of the Active Layer

This study addresses two key issues, stability and efficiency, of polymer solar cells based on blended poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by demonstrating a film‐forming process that involves low‐temperature drying (?5 °C) and subsequent annealing of the active layer. The low‐temperature process achieves 4.70% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and ～1250 h storage half‐life at 65 °C, which are significant improvements over the 3.39% PCE and ～143 h half‐life of the regular room‐temperature process. The improvements are attributed to the enhanced nucleation of P3HT crystallites as well as the minimized separation of the P3HT and PCBM phases at the low drying temperature, which upon post‐drying annealing results in a morphology consisting of small PCBM‐rich domains interspersed within a densely interconnected P3HT crystal network. This morphology provides ample bulk‐heterojunction area for charge generation while allowing for facile charge transport; moreover, the P3HT crystal network serves as an immobile frame at heating temperatures less than the melting point (T_m) of P3HT, thus preventing PCBM/P3HT phase separation and the corresponding device degradation.     

Stretchable,Transparent Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors

Stretchable and transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) with intrisically brittle oxide semiconductors are built using a wavy structural configuration that can provide high flexibility and stretchability. After device fabrication procedures including high temperature annealing, the oxide semiconductor‐based TFT arrays can be transferred directly to plastic or rubber substrates, without an additional device process, using transfer printing methods. This procedure can avoid some of the thermal degradation problems associated with plastic or rubber substrates by separating them from the annealing procedure needed to improve the device performance. These design and fabrication methods offer the possibility of developing a new format of stretchable electronics.     

Temperature influence on performance degradation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells irradiated with protons

This paper reports temperature influence on radiation degradation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si : H) solar cells. Degradation behaviors of a‐Si : H solar cells irradiated with protons at 331 K are compared with that at 298 K (room temperature). Variations with time in the post‐irradiation electrical properties are also investigated. It is found that the radiation degradation of the electrical properties at 331 K is significantly smaller than that at room temperature. Also, all the electrical properties (short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, output maximum, and fill factor) recover with time after irradiation even at room temperature. The characteristic time of thermal annealing of short‐circuit current is larger as the temperature is higher. These results indicate that temperature during irradiation and elapsed time from irradiation to measurement is an important parameter for radiation degradation of a‐Si : H solar cells. Therefore, these parameters should be controlled in conducting the ground radiation tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A seamless handoff scheme for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks

The advance of computer network technologies such as IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network has made it possible for users to connect to Internet almost anywhere. A mobile node (MN) is likely to move between different base stations while running applications. The IETF has defined the Mobile IP (MIP) to allow MNs to maintain their communication uninterrupted while roaming across different IP subnets. However, the mechanisms defined in MIP may cause undesired connection disruptions or packet losses, which will significantly degrade the quality of real‐time applications. It is an important and challenging issue to support seamless handoff management. To achieve seamless handoff, we propose a unified scheme to address application quality degradation. Our main contribution is the concept and implementation of utilising buffering and resending method to eliminate the packet losses while keeping the end‐to‐end delay of real‐time traffic flow in an acceptable value. The NS‐2 simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly maintain application quality during layer‐2 and ‐3 handoffs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“云计算”在数字媒体领域的应用研究与规划

随着IT技术的发展,软硬件水平提高引起的计算方式变革,虚拟化、并行计算、分布式等技术的成熟以及＂云计算＂模式的提出和发展,新奥特公司结合二十年的从业经验对新技术进行了不断的探索,面对广电行业业务不断发展变化、海量数据在存储和处理上带来的挑战,运用虚拟化、并行化和分布式的理念提出了＂内业务服务云＂＋＂视频计算云＂＋＂内容分发云＂的适用于视音频内容处理的＂云架构＂,满足对日益增长的媒体数据海量存储管理和快速处理发布。并以一个实际案例说明＂云架构＂在视音频计算处理中的应用。     

一种改进RBF神经网络的机器人轨迹规划方法

在应用径向基函数RBF(Radial Basis Function)神经网络对机器人进行轨迹规划时,为解决一般学习算法中收敛速度慢、学习精度不高的问题,提出一种混合学习算法.该方法根据轨迹规划的具体要求,用最近邻聚类算法确定网络的结构和参数,通过在学习速率中加入自适应学习因子调整网络参数,以加快收敛速度.通过MATLAB软件进行仿真,结果表明混合学习算法收敛速度较快,逼近误差小,从而证明了该算法的可行性.     

基于信令测试数据支撑移动互联网形势下自有业务营销研究

传统通信时代,公司大抵都是围绕语音/短信进行的业务发展,支撑手段也常来自对用户自身通话行为、套餐属性等进行的分析。而进入移动互联时代之后,运营商除了继续保有原有的传统业务,更是大力发展了自有的移动互联网业务。在自有移动互联网业务的发展过程中,我们越发感觉基于传统的用户通话行为、基本套餐等数据的分析对自有互联网业务支撑乏力。最大的局限莫过于对用户在移动互联网上的行为分析,如对业务的喜好,上网规律等,这些行为是传统数据无法支撑的,而这些数据恰恰对于发展公司自有业务具有极其重要作用。通过对信令测试数据中用户的互联网行为进行了分析、建模,支撑新形势下的自有业务互联营销。     

聚合物发光二极管中可逆的不稳定行为

研究了存在于聚合物发光二极管 ( PL ED)中的一种可逆的“负阻”现象及短期衰退行为 .当加在 PLED上的正向偏压大于 1 0 V之后 ,其电流和发光强度将在某偏压下出现突然的转折 ,即电流或光强骤增而器件上压降减小 .“负阻”现象将随测量次数的增加而逐渐消失 .采用 CCD摄像头摄取发光象素上发光的变化情况的图像 ,发现光强的突变与电流的突变是相对应的 .对以不同极性脉冲偏置观察发光光强的短期衰退情况时发现 ,反向偏置有助于抑制正向的发光衰退行为 .我们初步认为这些现象可能与 PLED中存在的缺陷态及其上电荷的填充状况有关     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的超微结构

目的：分离培养人骨髓骨充质干细胞，进行超微结构观察。方法：冲洗出流产胎儿股骨髓内容物，梯度离心，取舍有骨髓间充质干细胞的低密度血小板层进行,立春 透射电镜，扫描电镜下进行超微结构的全面观察，结果：透射电镜下可见细胞有两种不同的形态结构，细胞间有许多缝隙连接；扫描电镜下可见细胞表面有短而粗的微绒毛突起，结论：培养的细胞有适宜作为组织工程种子细胞的形态学基础。