深水浊积水道训练图像建立与多点地质统计建模应用

深水浊积水道具有丰富油气,是油气勘探开发的热点领域。以安哥拉深水浊积水道为对象,开展基于多点地质统计的储层建模研究。针对深水水道沉积以及迁移特征,对基于沉积过程的Alluvsim算法进行了改进。通过在Alluvsim中增加整体迁移算法,模拟浊积水道的整体迁移沉积过程。根据浊积水道决口少而弯曲度增加的特点,在Alluvsim中增加了弯曲度指标约束,从而再现浊积水道的弯曲特征。根据安哥拉深水浊积水道地质知识库文献调研,获得了研究区浊积水道形态以及统计特征参数信息。采用改进的Alluvsim算法获得了研究区浊积水道的训练图像。以此训练图像作为模式输入,以井资料作为条件输入,以地震资料作为趋势约束,采用多点地质统计Snesim算法建立了安哥拉深水浊积水道三维地质模型,再现了安哥拉浊积水道的空间分布特征。对模型进行了检验表明,建立的地质模型计算的变差函数与地震属性获得变差函数具有较好的一致性,建立的三维地质模型可以用于后续油藏工程与数值模拟研究,指导油田勘探开发。该研究不仅为多点地质统计应用于实际储层建模提供了完整的建模流程,也为浊积水道训练图像自动生成提供了技术保障。     

NeuCrowd: neural sampling network for representation learning with crowdsourced labels

Knowledge and Information Systems - Representation learning approaches require a massive amount of discriminative training data, which is unavailable in many scenarios, such as healthcare, smart...     

Facile preparation and property analyses of L-CNC/SiO2-based composite superhydrophobic coating

In recent years, superhydrophobic coatings have received extensive attention due to their functions of waterproof, antifouling, self-cleaning, etc. However, wide applications of superhydrophobic coatings are still affected by their disadvantages of complex preparation, low mechanical properties, and poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance. In this study, cellulose nanocrystal containing a small amount of lignin (L-CNC)/SiO₂ composite particles were used as the main material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the adhesive and perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) as the modifier to prepare superhydrophobic coatings by a one-step spray method. The resulted coating showed excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and slide angle (SA) of 7°) and high abrasion resistance (capable of withstanding 50 abrasion cycles under the load of 50 g). Moreover, it still maintained good superhydrophobicity after 5 h of exposure to the UV light (1000 W), displaying its good UV resistance. This study provides theoretical and technical reference for the simple preparation of organic‒inorganic composite superhydrophobic coatings with high abrasion resistance and good UV resistance, which is beneficial to improving the practicability and broadening the application scope of superhydrophobic coatings.     

折棍变分贝叶斯图像分割算法

为提高图像分割的抗噪鲁棒性并解决分割数目的自适应确定问题,通过在聚类标签先验概率的折棍构造过程中建立Markov随机场,将空间相关性约束引入Dirichlet过程混合模型的概率建模,使聚类的空间平滑性得以增强,并采用变分推断方法获得聚类标签的收敛解析解,提出一种基于折棍变分贝叶斯推断的图像分割算法,实现了对像素聚类标签和分割数目的同步自适应学习,避免了传统方法中因引入空间相关性约束而出现的计算复杂问题.基于Berkeley BSD500图像测试数据集的数值实验结果表明,该算法具有比现有的混合模型聚类图像分割算法更高的PRI值,且在低于0.1的噪声方差条件下表现出了更优的抗噪鲁棒性.     

Study on SO2 Poisoning Mechanism of CO Catalytic Oxidation Reaction on Copper–Cerium Catalyst

CuO–CeO₂ (Cu–Ce) catalyst with a CuO/CeO₂ mass ratio of 1 prepared by a sol–gel method is used in the CO catalytic oxidation reaction in the actual industrial sulfur-containing atmosphere. At a reaction temperature of 200 °C, the catalyst exhibits quite different stability under sulfur-containing and sulfur-free conditions. When 30 ppm SO₂ was added to the feed gas, the Cu–Ce catalyst had an initial CO conversion rate of 100%, gradually decreasing after 26 h, and this catalyst completely deactivated at about 50 h. However, the CO conversion rate of the catalyst under sulfur-free conditions could be nearly maintained at 100% within the measured time range (60 h). The results of IR, Raman, and XPS characterizations proved that the accumulation of cerium sulfate on the Cu–Ce catalyst would cover the active sites of the catalyst, eventually leading to the complete deactivation of the catalyst, which provides favorable evidence for the actual industrial anti-sulfur application.

Graphical Abstract

     

自升式钻井平台精就位技术实践

南海西部海域A油田海底管缆路由密集复杂,导致自升式钻井平台就位时桩腿挂碰海底管缆,就位精度要求较高。针对此问题,提出一套复杂工况自升式钻井平台精就位技术方案及一系列风险管控措施。现场应用效果表明,该技术方案及配套风险管控措施有效地解决了复杂工况下自升式钻井平台调整井作业精就位的技术难题。     

Effects of particle size of zero-valent iron (ZVI) on peroxydisulfate-ZVI enhanced sludge dewaterability

The advanced oxidization process has proven to be an effective conditioning technique for the improvement of sludge dewaterability. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is often used as the catalyst of the oxidization process. This study applied ZVI with different particle sizes to the ZVI- peroxydisulfate reactions, and investigated their effects on the improvement of sludge dewaterability. It was found that ZVI particles with smaller sizes (100 and 400 meshes) led to slightly higher enhancement of sludge dewaterability (69.1%–72%) than the larger size particles (20–40 meshes) with the reduction rate of CST by 64%. However, after the treatment, the recycle rate of larger size ZVI particles was obviously higher than the small sizes ZVI particles: 98.3% vs. 87.6–89.7%. Different surface areas of the ZVI particles with different sizes might contribute to the phenomenon. For the small ZVI particles with the sizes of 100 and 400 meshes, no obvious differences of oxidization effects and the improvements of sludge dewaterability were found between them, which might be because an oxide layer could have been formed on the surface of fine ZVI particles and led to agglomeration. According to the economical analysis, the small particles (100 and 400 meshes) of ZVI were more economically favorable for the oxidative conditioning process with ZVI-peroxydisulfate than large ZVI particles (20–40 meshes).     

镓对液态共晶锡铅焊料抗氧化性的影响

<正> 一、前言 锡铅焊料是电子、通讯、航空等工业广泛使用的钎焊材料。目前使用的含锡61％、含铅39％的共晶合金焊料(HLSnPb39)在液态下暴露于空气中会产生大量氧化渣,不仅造成锡消耗增加,而且影响自动焊接的质量。据统计仅全国电子工业每年因此而造成的经济损失达七千余万元。     

塔里木盆地塔河油田托甫台区奥陶系碳酸盐岩断溶体系层次建模方法

断控岩溶储集体(断溶体)作为缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的一种特殊类型,受大型走滑断裂带影响,其空间结构复杂、形态不规则且随机性强,给三维精细描述及地质建模带来新的挑战.基于多元、多尺度研究资料,对塔里木盆地塔河油田断溶体系结构层次进行了划分,并提出了断溶体系"层次约束、成因控制、逐级建模"的建模思路.结果 表明:断溶体系按照形...     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_(3p)/NiCrBSi涂层优化设计

利用二次回归正交组合设计法优化喷涂工艺参数,建立了等离子喷涂Al2O3p/NiCrBSi复合材料涂层冲蚀磨损失重率的二次回归方程.研究了等离子喷涂参数对涂层冲蚀磨损失重率的影响.结果表明,利用Matlab软件编程计算,优化等离子喷涂参数,明显提高了涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能.为等离子喷涂制备以氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒增强金属基(NiCrBSi)复合材料涂层(Al2O3p/NiCrBSi)的实际应用提供必要的理论依据和技术数据.