Guanidine and Galactose Decorated Nanophotosensitizer with Oxygen Self-Sufficient Capability for the Localized Ablation of Oral Biofilm

Dental caries is a common disease caused by plaque biofilms, which are important pathogenic factors in many diseases. When hosts are overexposed to dietary sugars, pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other cariogenic bacteria, metabolically assemble an extracellular matrix rich in exopolysaccharides to form a disease-causing biofilm, in which the microenvironment is characterized by regional hypoxia, low pH, and nutritional deprivation. Current antimicrobials with inadequate penetration and a lack of pathogens targeting the biofilm do not degrade the protective matrix within the biofilm. In this study, a guanidine and galactose decorated nanophotosensitizer with oxygen self-sufficient capability, p(GF/GEF)-I, is developed to enhance the permeability of biofilms by positively charging the particle surface and easily binding to the bacteria within the membrane through electrostatic interactions. 90% of the biofilm on enamel surface is eliminated after treatment with p(GF/GEF)-I under laser irradiation. Notably, the nanophotosensitizer inhibits the recolonization of dental biofilms by S. mutans, preventing secondary infections. Furthermore, dental caries in a rodent model are reduced with exposure to nanophotosensitizer. p(GF/GEF)-I is a significantly higher efficacy without damaging the surrounding soft tissue. With further development and optimization, p(GF/GEF)-I shows significant potential as a phototherapeutic agent for the treatment of biofilm-induced diseases.     

纳秒量级脉冲光纤激光器研究进展

脉冲光纤激光器作为当前国内外激光领域研究的热点之一,其应用越来越广泛。介绍了获取纳秒量级脉冲激光输出的两种典型结构,并基于相应原理分析了各自的关键性技术。概括了国内外该方向的研究进展,提出了有待于解决的若干问题,最后对脉冲光纤激光器的应用和发展前景进行展望。     

基于动态故障树的惯导系统安全性分析

惯导系统是导弹的核心组成部分,其工作过程呈现一系列动态特性.为了获得惯导系统发生事故的可能性并查出可能导致事故的薄弱环节,在利用动态故障树方法对其进行安全性分析的基础上,建立了惯性平台倒台事故的动态故障树模型.然后将动态故障树模型模块化为独立的静态子树和动态子树,并分别利用二元决策图及Markov状态转移法进行了分析,...     

MIMO-OFDM系统中的一种空时频编码方案

基于MIMO-OFDM系统,本文提出了一种空时频编码方案,其利用扩展码,使数据符号在空域、时域、频域得到扩展,通过设置合适的参数,能够在频率选择性衰落信道下获得满空间分集和满频率分集,同时该方案的编解码复杂度不高。仿真结果表明,该方法在低信噪比下,也具有良好的误码率性能。     

基于LPC2368的操作系统设计

在嵌入式系统开发的过程中,有时由于系统规模小、资源少而无需嵌入操作系统,这给习惯在操作系统下编程的开发人员带来很大的不便,针对这种情况该文在LPC2368上设计了一个轻型操作系统,实现了轮询式的任务调度,解决了无操作系统环境下编程的困扰。     

基于PADS2004的高速PCB设计

在高速印刷电路板设计过程中,仅依靠个人经验布线,往往存在巨大的局限性,因而高速电路设计的仿真显示出越来越重要的地位。借助仿真软件,通过对高速信号线进行布局布线前仿真和布局布线后仿真,可以发现和解决信号完整性、串扰、EMC等问题。本文主要介绍了使用PADS2004/hyperLynx软件进行印刷电路板的仿真,通过对高速数字电路中的阻抗匹配、传输线长度及EMC问题的仿真,根据仿真结果分析给出了相应解决办法。文章还对高速电路设计中电源层分配、时钟设计进行了讨论。     

Rotatable Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission/Aggregation‐Caused‐Quenching Ratio Strategy for Real‐Time Tracking Nanoparticle Dynamics

Real‐time tracking of the dynamics change of self‐assembled nanostructures in physiological environments is crucial to improving their delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects. However, such tracking is impeded by the complex biological microenvironment leading to inhomogeneous distribution. A rotatable fluorescent ratio strategy is introduced that integrates aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) into one nanostructured system, termed AIE and ACQ fluorescence ratio (AAR). Following this strategy, an advanced probe, PEG^5k‐TPE₄‐ICGD₄ (PTI), is developed to track the dynamics change. The extremely sharp fluorescent changes (up to 4008‐fold) in AAR allowed for the clear distinguishing and localization of the intact state and diverse dissociated states. The spatiotemporal distribution and structural dynamics of the PTI micelles can be tracked, quantitatively analyzed in living cells and animal tissue by the real‐time ratio map, and be used to monitor other responsive nanoplatforms. With this method, the dynamics of nanoparticle in different organelles are able to be investigated and validated by transmission electron microscopy. This novel strategy is generally applicable to many self‐assembled nanostructures for understanding delivery mechanism in living systems, ultimately to enhance their performance in biomedical applications.     

Delamination‐Free Functional Graphene Surface by Multiscale,Conformal Wrinkling

Obtaining a delamination‐free wrinkled functional graphene surface in layered systems is an interesting challenge because the interface is usually too weak to withstand interfacial stress mismatch, which can trigger mechanical instability. In this paper, a general strategy is proposed toward addressing the delamination limitation imposed by fabricating conformal graphene wrinkles with bilayer systems of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). To improve the interfacial strength, a postcuring transfer process is introduced to form a gradient interface layer without interfacial liquid between the PMMA and PDMS by entanglement of polymer chains during high‐temperature curing. Compared to the conventional wet transfer of graphene,the transfer method can greatly enhance the interfacial strength. The chemical and mechanical mechanisms underlying the enhancement are revealed both experimentally and theoretically in terms of the transition from the buckled‐induced delamination state to the delamination‐free wrinkled state. Moreover, the light diffraction behaviors of multiscale graphene wrinkles are initially demonstrated to be an interesting continuous pattern induced by overlapping. The delamination‐free conformal wrinkled functional graphene surface can provide valuable insight and design guidelines for the fundamental problems of deformed graphene and its applications in flexible functional devices.