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101.
Absorption coefficients of phytoplankton, colored detrital matter (CDM), non-algal particles (NAP), colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and their relative contributions to total non-water absorption (at ? w) are essential variables for bio-optical and radiative transfer models. Light absorption properties showed large range and variability sampled at 194 stations throughout Lake Chaohu between May 2013 and April 2015. The at ? w was dominated by phytoplankton absorption (aph) and NAP absorption (ad). The contribution of CDOM absorption to at ? w was lower than 30%. Phytoplankton and NAP were the primary sources of spatial and vertical variability in absorption properties. Light absorption by CDOM, though significant in magnitude, was relatively constant. CDM absorption (adg) was dominated by NAP. The spatial variation of the absorption coefficients from each of the optically active constituents were driven by several main inflow rivers in the western and middle part of Lake Chaohu. Algal blooms and bottom resuspension contributed to vertical variability as observed by phytoplankton and NAP profiles. Specific absorption of phytoplankton had significant spatial and seasonal variations without vertical variation. The spectral slope of absorption showed no significant spatial variability (p > 0.05). Variations of absorption affected different ranges of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) spectrum, thereby increasing the difficulty of applying the remote sensing algorithm in optically complex waters. Parameters and relationships presented in this study provide useful information for bio-optical models and remote sensing of lakes similar to Lake Chaohu in terms of optical properties. 相似文献
102.
CeO2–ZrO2–La2O3 (CZL) mixed oxides were prepared by citric acid sol–gel method. The as-received gel was calcined at 500, 700, 900 and 1050 °C to obtain the so-called C5, C7, C9 and CK, respectively. The C5, C7 and C9 powders were impregnated with H2PtCl6 and then calcined at 500 °C to prepare P5C5, P5C7 and P5C9, respectively. The impregnated CK powders were calcined at 500, 700 and 900 °C to prepare P5CK, P7CK and P9CK, respectively. The XRD and XPS analyses show that the surface distribution of Pt is evidently influenced by the structural and textural properties of the support. The CO adsorption followed by FTIR reveals that the dispersion and the chemisorption sites of Pt are reduced as the calcination temperature of CZL support increases. The chemisorption ability of the CK samples is even completely deactivated. The encapsulation mechanism, which has been applied to explain the so-called strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) after reductive treatment, is introduced here to demonstrate the abnormal observations though the samples were prepared in oxidative atmosphere. The HRTEM results also confirm this explanation. The effects of oxygen vacancies, the chemisorption sites on the Pt surface and Pt/Ce interfacial sites on the three-way catalytic activities are discussed. 相似文献
103.
104.
首先推导了粗糙洋面双向偏振反射模型pBRDF(Bidirectional Polarized Reflectance Distribution Function),并将其与SOSVRT(Successive Order of Scattering Radiative Transfer)矢量辐射传输模式耦合,建立了海洋-大气耦合的矢量辐射传输模式,并对该耦合模式的模拟结果与前人模拟结果进行对比,验证了该耦合模式的可靠性与有效性。不同大气和洋面状态、不同高度的主平面内辐射强度和偏振度的模拟结果表明:pBRDF模型可以很好地模拟不同风速下洋面的偏振反射分布特征;洋面在特定角度具有很高的偏振度,并对大气顶的偏振辐射有很大影响。因此,该耦合模式可以更准确地处理辐射光谱在海洋-大气两种介质间的传输问题,对矢量辐射传输、大气遥感问题的研究有重要意义。 相似文献
105.
使用RAMAN光谱和DTA方法研究了含少量Na+和Ti4+的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃,发现在纯CAS系玻璃(Ca/Al≥1/2,Al/Si≤1)中,Al3+仅有一部分进入玻璃网络,少量Na+的引入,有助于Al3+进一步进入玻璃网络中,Na+起了间接补强玻璃网络的作用,Na+和Ca2+离子对Al3+进入玻璃网络结构程度的影响可认为是Na+和Ca2+离子分别以[AlO4]Na和[AlO4]Ca[AlO4]基团的形式进入玻璃网络中,由于结合几率和体积效应,使[AlO4]Na较[AlO4]Ca[AlO4]更易进入玻璃网络中。Ti4+以[TiO4]的形式进入玻璃网络,它对Al3+是否能进入玻璃网络无明显影响。Na+和Ti4+的单独引入,均能使玻璃网络的聚合程度增强,析晶活化能提高;而当Na+和Ti4+同时引入时,玻璃网络聚合程度和纯CAS系玻璃相差不大,析晶活化能有所降低。少量Na+的引入,不会影响析出主晶相的种类和数量,而Ti4+的引入,则会影响到所析出主晶相的种类和数量。 相似文献
106.
107.
Android开放配件(AOA)协议是一种Android终端通过USB总线与Android配件进行通信的协议,该协议为Android终端应用于设备控制和数据采集领域提供了条件。在一些设备控制应用中,有采用Android设备作为控制终端的需求。针对该问题,提出了一个通过Android手机控制Android配件UMFT311EV开发板生成PWM信号的系统。系统基于Android开放配件协议,通过操作Android手机界面控制PWM信号的周期和占空比。首先介绍了系统构成,然后给出了Android终端软件的具体实现,最后以驱动舵机为例进行系统测试。系统实现了Android手机产生参数可控的PWM信号。 相似文献
108.
生物质与煤共燃研究(Ⅰ)生物质的低温热解 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
介绍了生物质与煤共燃的研究流程及其主要的研究方法,通过对三种主要农业剩余生物质(锯屑,谷壳和花生壳)热解过程中的失重率变化,物理性质变化,工业分析变化,元素分析变化和发热量变化的研究发现,三种生物质在热解温度220℃-300℃,热解时间30min-60min下进行低温热解时,热解过程主要受热解温度控制,受热解时间控制较弱,随热解温度升高,热解时间延长,生物质的热失重率逐渐升高,生物质逐渐变得易于研磨。在工业分析上挥发分逐渐减少,固定碳及灰分不断提高,水分含量大幅下降;在元素分析上O元素的含量不断下降,C元素的含量不断上升,从而发热量不断增加,研究表明,当热解温度为270℃-300℃时,热解生物质的各项性质可与煤接近。 相似文献
109.
A thin circular film clamped at the periphery is adhered to the planar surface of a rigid cylindrical punch. An external tensile load is applied to the punch, causing the film to delaminate from the substrate and the circular contact edge to contract. The film spontaneously separates from the punch, or pulls off, when the contact radius reduces to a range between 0.1758 and 0.3651 of the film radius, depending on the magnitude of the residual membrane stress. The mechanical delamination process is derived by a thermodynamic energy balance based on a coupled interfacial adhesion and residual membrane stress. The theoretical model has significant implications in nanoforce measurement, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) comprising active moveable films, and biological cell adhesion. 相似文献
110.
Hydrolysis of olive oil, soybean oil, mink fat, lard, palm oil, coconut oil, and a hydrogenated, hardened oil with lipase
from anAspergillus sp. has been studied. The lipase had high specific activity (60,000 U/g) and did not show any positional specificity. The
lipase proved to be a more effective catalyst than Lipolase fromA. oryzae, with an optimal activity at 37°C and pH 6.5–7.0. It was activated by Ca2+ but inactivated by organic solvents such as isopropanol and propanone. All substrates examined could be hydrolyzed to corresponding
fatty acids with this enzyme at concentrations of 5–30 U/meq with yields of 90–99% in 2–24 h. The degree of hydrolysis was
almost logarithmically linear with reaction time and occurred in two stages. The lipase was stable and could be repeatedly
recycled for hydrolysis. 相似文献