温度对土壤电阻率影响的研究

青藏铁路沿线许多供变电所的接地网建在冻土区域,研究土壤电阻率的温度特性是改善冻土区域接地系统性能的关键.本文首先利用多孔介质模型分析了土壤导电的机理,并讨论了温度对土壤电阻率的影响途径;然后通过实验研究土壤电阻率温度特性;最后,根据研究结果指出了降低冻土区域土壤电阻率的可行方法.温度对土壤电阻率的影响分为三个阶段:温度在0℃以上,土壤电阻率随着温度的下降而上升;温度从0 变化到0-的过程中,土壤电阻率发生跳变;土壤的温度在0℃以下时,土壤电阻率同样随着温度的下降而上升.     

边界扫描技术及其在PCB可测性设计中的应用

阐述了边界扫描技术的基本原理,从设计方法、优化策略及实现技术等方面,对基于边界扫描技术的PCB可测性设计进行了研究,并给出了具体的实现方法;以对某海军导弹通用测试系统中的数据采集电路板进行改进为例,实现了该电路板的可测性设计;经验证,该方法有效地缩短了数据采集电路板的开发周期,降低了其维修测试费用,因而将具有更为广泛的应用前景.     

确定反舰导弹末制导雷达最佳开机距离的模型研究

反舰导弹对远程拦截导弹的突防过程中采用了大空域机动弹道和“海豚飞“两种突防模式,在穿透近程拦截导弹防御时采用“蛇行“机动或新型的随机机动突防模式,还采用隐身技术来提高突防概率.缩短电磁暴露时间是目前容易被忽略的一个方面,而确定反舰导弹末制导雷达最佳开机距离,就是缩短电磁暴露时间的有效又切实可行的方法.从分析末制导雷达必须满足的捕捉概率入手,建立了确定反舰导弹末制导雷达最佳开机距离的模型,并通过M atlab进行实例计算,得到相应的结论.     

定向判别分析新算法及其在沉积化学中的应用

介绍了处理多元有序数据的定向判别分析新方法原理、建模流程、应用流程及其在沉积化学中的应用实例。这种判别分析将分类建模与判别归类分开,求解与专业知识结合。新方法用多组或逐步判别分析对多元有序数据建模,应用时根据应用领域的知识对样本归属作初步定向,然后选择模型的相关局部进行判别归类,从而实现有序判别。这种方法用于解决由于时间序列多元数据周期性造成的样本分类颠倒问题。在塔里木盆地沉积岩时间序列化学数据的应用实例中,解决了石油井下地层预测和归类问题。     

基于语义Web的开放本体导航工具设计与实现

语义Web是分布式环境下构建复杂系统的一种新兴技术。针对独立开发的本体存在语义不匹配和逻辑不一致等问题,利用一种具有偏好的、公理半序的、模块化的本体表示语言OSHOQP（D）,在开放本体需求分析的基础上,设计了基于语义Web技术的开放本体导航工具模型,使得本体能够并发地编辑和整合。系统由Wiki引擎、Agent、存储管理、本体管理器、导入／导出等模块构成。实现了基于语义Web技术的系统实验原型,为下一步研究开发较成熟的软件产品奠定了良好的基础。     

基于UML的本体建模研究

详细对比分析了OWL（Web Ontology Language）特性元素和UML特性元素及本体开发,在讨论OWL本体通过UML类图向面向对象语言转换方法的基础上,通过具体的示例进一步提出了一般多值域OWL属性本体建模的方法,并且说明使用该方法能够直观、清晰地进行本体建模,为下一步研究开发较成熟的软件产品奠定了良好的基础。     

基于规则的边缘连接算法在路面病害检测中的应用

本文提出了一种基于规则的边缘连接算法,此算法对通过边缘检测提取的病害边缘块进行启发式搜索,采用基于规则的方法计算边缘连接的可信度作为连接质量的度量。通过在江苏省高速公路路面病害自动检测系统中的应用,表明此方法有较高的连接效率,同时能有效地抑制噪声。     

Improved thermal conductivity of β-Si3N4 ceramics by lowering SiO2/Y2O3 ratio using YH2 as sintering additive

A two-step sintering process was conducted to produce β-Si₃N₄ ceramics with high thermal conductivity. During the first step, native SiO₂ was eliminated, and Y₂O₃ was in situ generated by a metal hydride reduction process, resulting in a high Y₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio. The substitution YH₂ for Y₂O₃ endow Si₃N₄ ceramics with an increase of 29% in thermal conductivity from 95.3 to 123 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ after sintered at 1900°C for 12 hours despite an inferior sinterability. This was primarily attributed to the purified enlarged grains, devitrified grain boundary phase, and reduced lattice oxygen content in the YH₂-MgO-doped material.     

The sound absorption performance of the highly porous silica ceramics prepared using freeze casting method

Highly porous silica ceramics with unidirectional pores were prepared using the freeze casting method. By adjusting the solid content and freezing temperature, the porosity of the ceramics was tailored in the range of 78.20%-84.59% and pore size in the range of 8.4-71.4 μm, respectively. Sound absorption properties of porous silica ceramics was studied and the effect of structural factors was systematically investigated. The results showed that higher porosity and smaller pores of the porous ceramics favored the sound absorption in the entire sound wave frequency. By backing the sample with small pore size porous ceramics, the sound absorption property was enhanced, particularly in the low and medium frequency range, thus the sound absorption peak shifted towards lower frequency. The presence of air gap in the back would also favor sound absorption in low and medium frequency range. The as-fabricated porous silica ceramics owed excellent sound absorption properties due to their unidirectional pores and low flow resistances.     

New insight into the formation and oxygen barrier mechanism of carbonaceous oxide interlayer in a multicomponent carbide

Early transition metal carbides are considered to be superior candidate materials for oxidizing environments at temperatures exceeding 2000°C. Generally, the remarkable oxidation resistance is largely attributed to a carbonaceous oxide interlayer (eg, Hf–O–C, Zr–O–C, and Ta–O–C), located at the interface between the external oxide layer and internal carbide (eg, HfC, ZrC, and TaC), acting as the primary oxygen barrier. However, the oxygen barrier mechanism of the carbonaceous oxide interlayer remains unclear. Herein, through studying the oxidation behavior of a novel multicomponent carbide Hf_0.5Zr_0.3Ti_0.2C in oxidizing environments up to 2500°C, the oxygen barrier mechanism of the carbonaceous oxide was recently revealed. We found that the oxygen barrier resulted from the slow oxygen diffusion through the inner grains of Hf-Zr–Ti–O due to the presence of carbon formed at the grain boundaries because of the existence of compact external oxide layer, beneath which the Hf–Zr–Ti–O–C interlayer possesses much lower oxygen activity and temperature that allow carbon to exist stably. This as-formed carbon strongly retarded the fast diffusion of oxygen along the grain boundaries of oxides. Additionally, desirable synergisms of the designed multicomponent system, particularly, the outward short-circuit diffusion of Ti, lead to the self-healing of the external oxide layer, evidently enhancing integral protection performance against oxidizing environments.