High-performance heterocyclic para-aramid aerogels for selective dye adsorption and thermal insulation applications

The high-performance polymer para-aramid (PPTA) is discovered to gel too soon during the polymerization process, resulting in poor processing performance. In this work, a homogeneous polymer solution containing heterocyclic para-aramid (HPPTA) was successfully synthesized by introducing 2,4-aminophenyl-5-aminobenzimidazole groups into the molecular chains of PPTA, and then HPPTA aerogel was prepared using a supercritical drying technique that took advantage of the HPPTA solution's excellent property of slow gelation. When the HPPTA polymer mass fraction was 1 wt%, the aerogel had the lowest density of 0.086 g cm⁻³ with a BET specific surface area of 376.59 m² g⁻¹. The HPPTA-2 aerogel had better adsorption performance for anionic dye methyl orange, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 319.47 mol g⁻¹; however, its adsorption capacity for cationic dye methylene blue and neutral dye dimethyl yellow was very low, at only 19.68 and 0 mol g⁻¹, respectively. The selective adsorption ability of HPPTA aerogel made it a simple and scalable platform for removing anionic dyes from water solutions. Furthermore, the HPPTA aerogel has outstanding thermal properties for thermal insulation applications in severe environments due to the synergistic effect of the 3D porous structure inside the aerogel and the exceptional thermal stability of the HPPTA.     

Kinetics of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) synthesis reaction catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent

In this work, the kinetics of the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) synthesis reaction catalyzed by the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at the low-temperature stage was studied to control the particle size of PVB resin and optimize its synthesis process. The effects of stirring speed, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), catalyst dosage, and temperature on the synthesis reaction of PVB were investigated. The data obtained from kinetic experiments at 283.15–298.15 K were fitted with the shrinking core models, and the results showed that the model controlled by internal diffusion fitted well with the experimental data. The internal diffusion coefficient, D_A, of n-butanal in the product layer was further calculated by the obtained model parameters, and it was applied to predict the synthesis reaction of PVB at different concentrations of n-butanal. The results indicated that the shrinking core model controlled by internal diffusion is suitable to describe the kinetics of the PVB synthesis reaction. DES played a dual role in catalysis and dispersion in the synthesis of PVB, and it was a green catalyst with good potential for PVB industrial applications.     

TiO2纳米材料的光催化脱硫性能研究进展

光催化氧化脱硫技术是近些年来发展速度最快的高效环保的脱硫技术.TiO2已经在光降解污染物、空气净化、产氢、CO2还原以及光催化杀菌等方面具有广泛应用.本文论述了单一TiO2和改性的TiO2作为催化剂,在光照条件下进行氧化脱硫的研究.     

多壁碳纳米管/两亲性嵌段聚合物复合材料的制备

采用两亲性三嵌段聚合物PAN-PEG-PAN的DMF溶液分散MWNTs,通过静电纺丝制备MWNTs/PAN-PEG-PAN复合纤维.采用流变仪与SEM分析了MWNTs的分散性以及MWNTs对复合材料的结构性能的影响.结果表明:MWNTs/PAN-PEG-PAN溶液的模量与粘度随着MWNTs的质量分数的增加而增加,当MW...     

Ag nanoparticles/PPV composite nanofibers with high and sensitive opto-electronic response

The novel Ag nanoparticles/poly(p-phenylene vinylene) [PPV] composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. The transmission electron microscope image shows that the average diameter of composite fibers is about 500 nm and Ag nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the PPV matrix with an average diameter of about 25 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra suggest that there could be a coordination effect to a certain extent between the Ag atom and the π system of PPV, which is significantly favorable for the dissociation of photoexcitons and the charge transfer at the interface between the Ag nanoparticle and the PPV. The Au top electrode device of the single Ag/PPV composite nanofiber exhibits high and sensitive opto-electronic responses. Under light illumination of 5.76 mW/cm² and voltage of 20 V, the photocurrent is over three times larger than the dark current under same voltage, which indicates that this kind of composite fiber is an excellent opto-electronic nanomaterial.     

Porphyrin-functionalized gold nanoparticles for selective electrochemical detection of peroxyacetic acid

Two layers of cationic iron(III) meso-tetrakis (N-methylpyridinum-4-yl)porphyrin (FeTMPyP) and anionic gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were alternately assembled on a poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-wrapped carbon nanotube (PDDA-CNT)-modified electrode via electrostatic interactions. The porphyrin-functionalized gold nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV–vis absorption spectrometry. The (FeTMPyP–GNP)₂/PDDA-CNT modified electrode showed two stable and well-defined peaks at −0.112 V and −0.154 V, which were attributed to the GNP-accelerated redox process of Fe(III)TMPyP/Fe(II)TMPyP. The modified electrode possessed excellent electrocatalytic behavior for the reduction of peroxyacetic acid (PAA). The resulting biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response to PAA (∼3 s), with a wide linear range from 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ M to 1.05 × 10⁻³ M and a detection limit of 0.5 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. More importantly, H₂O₂ did not interfere with the detection. Thus, this biosensor enabled highly sensitive detection of PAA without removing H₂O₂ and showed a promising potential in practical applications.     

卤代芳烃和苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应研究进展

Suzuki偶联反应是形成C-C键的有效方法之一,在天然产物合成和药物中间体合成中发挥着重要作用,近年来一直是有机化学和催化化学的研究热点.本文综述了最近几年来Suzuki偶联反应及其在有机合成中的应用研究进展,叙述了Suzuki偶联的原理,对以Pd、Ni、Cu及其它催化剂在Suzuki偶联反应中的应用进行了重点论述,...     

液晶聚合物分子设计研究进展

综述了液晶聚合(物LCP)分子设计的一般原则,着重介绍了主链型热致LCP、主链型溶致LCP及侧链LCP的分子结构和分子设计并,列举了国内外各类型LCP的分子设计实例。     

水解-好氧工艺降解选矿废水部分浮选药剂的研究

采用水解分别作为MBR、BAF两种好氧工艺的预处理工艺,对浮选废水中的苯胺黑药、丁基黄药、乙硫氮、十八胺进行降解处理。结果表明,当进水COD在300 mg/L左右时,废水pH为6～8,HRT=48 h,DO质量浓度为4mg/L,水解-MBR、水解-BAF工艺对COD的去除率分别达到73.75%和67.47%。     

利用钛石膏和粉煤灰及矿渣研制少熟料新型复合胶凝材料

介绍了利用化工废石膏等工业废渣研制新型复合胶凝材料的实验室研究工作。研究结果表明,用肽石膏、粉煤灰、矿渣和少量硅酸盐水泥或熟料,选择合适的激发剂和采取适宜的工艺措施,可以配制生产高性能的新型复合材料,其强度甚至可以达到525号矿渣硅酸盐水泥的强度指标。