Integrating silicon nanowire field effect transistor, microfluidics and air sampling techniques for real-time monitoring biological aerosols

Numerous threats from biological aerosol exposures, such as those from H1N1 influenza, SARS, bird flu, and bioterrorism activities necessitate the development of a real-time bioaerosol sensing system, which however is a long-standing challenge in the field. Here, we developed a real-time monitoring system for airborne influenza H3N2 viruses by integrating electronically addressable silicon nanowire (SiNW) sensor devices, microfluidics and bioaerosol-to-hydrosol air sampling techniques. When airborne influenza H3N2 virus samples were collected and delivered to antibody-modified SiNW devices, discrete nanowire conductance changes were observed within seconds. In contrast, the conductance levels remained relatively unchanged when indoor air or clean air samples were delivered. A 10-fold increase in virus concentration was found to give rise to about 20-30% increase in the sensor response. The selectivity of the sensing device was successfully demonstrated using H1N1 viruses and house dust allergens. From the simulated aerosol release to the detection, we observed a time scale of 1-2 min. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests revealed that higher virus concentrations in the air samples generally corresponded to higher conductance levels in the SiNW devices. In addition, the display of detection data on remote platforms such as cell phone and computer was also successfully demonstrated with a wireless module. The work here is expected to lead to innovative methods for biological aerosol monitoring, and further improvements in each of the integrated elements could extend the system to real world applications.     

Effect of Co γ-irradiation on postharvest quality and selected enzyme activities of Pleurotus nebrodensis

Freshly harvested Pleurotus nebrodensis fruit bodies were exposed to four different doses (0.8-2.0 kGy) of ⁶⁰Co γ-irradiation and various physiological changes associated with postharvest deterioration, as well as the activities of selected enzymes (proteinase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) thought to play a role in the process of deterioration, were monitored during 22 days of subsequent storage at 4 °C and 65-70% relative humidity. An irradiation dose of 1.2 kGy significantly delayed (by 6-9 days) the onset of fruit body softening, splitting and browning compared with non-irradiated controls and test samples subjected to lower or higher irradiation doses. Irradiation with 1.2 and 1.6 kGy also had a positive effect on other indicators of mushroom tissue senescence, resulting in smaller decreases in soluble protein levels and more protracted increases in proteinase activity. Peak levels of polyphenoloxidase activity, widely recognized as causing postharvest browning of mushroom tissue, were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fruit bodies exposed to 1.2 kGy compared with non-irradiated controls. Our data increase our understanding of the effects of γ-irradiation on the biochemical changes associated with postharvest deterioration in P. nebrodensis, and improve the prospects of more targeted strategies for extending the shelf life of both this and other mushrooms.     

Phenolic tyrosinase inhibitors from the stems of Cudrania cochinchinensis

The phytochemcal profiles of Cudrania cochinchinensis leaf, twig, stem and root were compared by HPLC analysis. It was found that C. cochinchinensis stem extract contained some unknown natural products with potential tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Therefore, the chemical constitutes in extract (95% ethanol) of C. cochinchinensis stem were further investigated in this study. A new racemic mixture, (±)2,3-cis-dihydromorin, and fifteen known phenolic compounds, dihydrokaempferol 7-O-β-d-qlucopyranoside, skimmin, quercetin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, 2,3-dihydroquercetin 7-O-β-d-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3,7-di-O-β-d-glucoside, morin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthen-9-one, 2,3-trans-dihydromorin, aromadendrin, oxyresveratrol, genistin, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, and naringenin were isolated. Spectral techniques (MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR) were utilized for their structural identification and their inhibitory activities on mushroom tyrosinase were also evaluated. The results showed that tyrosinase inhibitory activities of (±)2,3-cis-dihydromorin (IC(50) = 31.1 μM), 2,3-trans-dihydromorin (IC(50) = 21.1 μM), and oxyresveratrol (IC(50) = 2.33 μM), were more potent than that of kojic acid (IC(50) = 50.8 μM), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor, indicating that Cudrania cochinchinensis stem will be a great potential agent for the development of effective natural tyrosinase inhibitors.     

蜂胶相关产品标准现状分析

蜂胶是一种极为稀少的天然资源,素有“紫色黄金”之称.目前有关蜂胶的标准包括国家标准,行业标准,地方标准,各标准并行有效,企业选择时缺乏依据,不利于统一管理和市场规范;有些标准中的方法成本较高,企业难以承受;有些标准内容交叠,也增加了企业的使用成本;如果能对这些标准进行统一整合,不仅有利于规范市场和产品,也有利于企业提升...     

QuEChERS-气-质联用法检测大米中12种农药残留物

运用简易、高效的QuEChERS预处理方法,建立气相色谱-质谱选择离子监测(GC-MS-SIM)检测大米中12种农药多残留物的分析方法.对影响预处理效果的因素进行优化,QuEChERS法:称取10 g样品,加入12mL水和10 mL乙腈(含有0.5%冰乙酸),混合均匀1 min,4℃条件下4 000 r/min离心5 min;取上清液2 mL,300 mg无水MgSO4和100 mg PSA净化,混合均匀1 min,4℃条件下4 000 r/min离心5 min;取1.5 mL净化液于自动进样瓶中,50℃、8 kPa真空浓缩至干,加入含有0.1 mg/L的TPP乙腈定容至0.5 mL,供GC-MS分析.优化条件下12种农药在0.01～6 mg/kg之间呈良好线性关系,相关系数r大于0.99.该方法的最低检出限量(MDQ)在0.0030～0.086 mg/kg之间.该方法简便、快速、灵敏、有机溶剂用量少,适用于大米中多种农药残留物的同时分析,可用于小型实验室常规监测.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取黑加仑多酚工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

为提高黑加仑多酚的提取效率,采用乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂,超声波辅助对黑加仑果中多酚进行提取。通过单因素实验考察了乙醇体积分数、超声波功率、提取时间、料液比对黑加仑果多酚提取量的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,结合响应面试验优化提取工艺,并对黑加仑果多酚的抗氧化活性进行分析。结果表明:响应面法得到的黑加仑果多酚最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数50%,超声波功率300 W,提取时间20 min,料液比1:10 g/mL。在上述提取条件下,黑加仑果多酚提取量为538.00 mg/100 g。抗氧化活性表明,黑加仑果多酚对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS+自由基清除率的IC₅₀值分别为7.97、7.92和5.26 mg/mL,表明黑加仑果多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。该结果可为黑加仑果多酚的工业化生产提供参考。     

26种市售食醋抗氧化性的比较

测定了不同品种食醋中酚类、黄酮类化合物含量及DPPH自由基清除活性,并分析了总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除活性的相关性。结果显示,不同品种食醋的自由基清除作用和它们含有的酚类及黄酮类成分相关,相关系数分别为0.952 3和0.869 1。总酚含量、总黄酮含量可作为评价食醋抗氧化性的指标,总酚含量、总黄酮含量、DPPH自由基清除率可作为鉴别不同品种食醋的指标。