Manufacturing employment,city size,and inter-urban wage differentials

The positive correlation between city size and money wage rates has been an important factor in the spatial redistribution of population in the United States. Previous studies of inter-urban wage differentials have emphasized labor productivity differences (arising from sex, age, racial, and educational characteristics) and variations in labor demand associated with factor proportions, scale of firm, and industry mix. The analysis presented here expands this research base by articulating a theoretical model of the labor demand-supply relationships which incorporates (1) the implied predictive assumptions underlying regression studies of the relation between wage rates and city size and (2) the conflicting locational forces of local demand for products and/or labor and the competitive disadvantage of distance from intermediate or final markets for output. Statistical estimation and testing of the important relationships implied by the model confirm the significance of its principal variables.     

Molecular changes during learning: Behavioral strategy: A comment on Gaito and Bonnet.

Discusses J. Gaito and K. Bonnet's (see record 1971-07612-001) recent review which suggests that there is no conclusive evidence linking macromolecular changes to learning and memory. It is contended that current experiments in this field are not properly designed to test the hypothesis that a general macromolecular process underlies learning and memory, since the control group designated "nonlearning" is not achieved with the typical control procedures. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some Decision Rules for Establishing an Optimal Process Mean

In many real processes, setting the mean—or even knowing its value-is impossible. Thus adjusting or “centering” the process is a strategic problem where decisions must be made from statistical evidence. The methods presented in this article provide a means of establishing a target point, which is the goal of any process adjustment strategy.     

On the Origins of Magnetic Excursions in the Great Lakes

Paleomagnetic studies of cores from Lake Michigan and Lake Erie exhibit possible excursions of the geomagnetic field at approximately 9,000 to 10,000 years B.P. and 12,000 to 14,000 years B.P. In this report, magnetic data and lithologic data from two cores from Lake Erie and six cores from Lake Michigan are presented. It is shown that the magnetic excursions are predominately associated with deepening waters which followed low lake levels produced by glacial advances and retreats. It is suggested that these excursions are the result of slumping and/or flowing of lacustrine and glaciolacustrine materials, rather than of changes in the magnetic field.     

Studies of aversive conditioning for alcoholics: A critical review of theory and research methodology.

Reviews studies of the applications of aversive conditioning procedures to alcoholics. The review is divided into sections on electrical and chemical aversive stimulation and is organized according to the level of research design used. While many positive outcomes are reported, inconsistent theoretical underpinnings of the research are also reported. The lack of systematic investigation of relationships between therapist, patient, and technique characteristics indicate the need for further investigation. The ethics of using the techniques reviewed with human Ss are discussed. (62 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Common-Cause Failure Considerations in Predicting HTGR Cooling System Reliability

Probabilistic safety analyses of the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor are being performed by the General Atomic Company. The project is sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration and is known as Accident Initiation and Progression Analysis. Probabilistic methods are used to estimate the probability of failure of the HTGR cooling systems.     

Phase transition in V3O5

A phase transition at 420°K previously unreported, has been discovered in V₃O₅. The transition is characterized by an endothermic DTA peak on heating and an abrupt change in the electrical resistivity at the same temperature. Results from X-ray analysis of the V₃O₅ samples exhibiting the transition agree very well with the values reported by Andersson (1). Powder diffraction analysis of the high temperature phase indicates that there is a small change in the cell volume but the crystal apparently conserves its symmetry through the transition.     

An efficient iterative method for numerical evaluation of integrals over a semi-infinite range

A procedure for numerical quadrature over a semi-infinite range is described which does not require storing weights or nodes. It is applicable to a wide variety of integrands including oscillatory functions and forms with integrable singularites. A computer program and numerical examples are presented.     

Work motivation and the negative effects of extrinsic rewards: A review with implications for theory and practice.

Considers the possibility that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are not independent, that they do not summate, and that a consequence of arousing extrinsic motivation is to reduce intrinsic motivation. The research relating personal causation to the interaction between the types of motivation is reviewed, and empirical evidence is presented. The interaction effects are noted to be symmetrical in some conditions, and the adequacy of current theories of work motivation is questioned. Innovations such as job enlargement, job enrichment, and participative management appear designed to simultaneously manipulate both types of motivation. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)