Zur Kenntnis der Eiwei?stoffe des Weines

Zusammenfassung Das lösliche Traubenprotein der Sorten Riesling und Müller-Thurgau setzt sich aus 18 Aminosäuren zusammen. Das gefundene Tryptamin entsteht wahrscheinlich als Sekundärprodukt bei der Hydrolyse. Die gleichen Aminosäuren lassen sich in den Hauptfraktionen der beiden Rebsorten nachweisen. Daneben findet man noch Glucosamin.Die quantitative Aminosäurebestimmung der Fraktionen 1 und 2 des Riesling-Proteins ergab beträchtliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Gehaltes der einzelnen Komponenten. Besonders auffallend ist der hohe Gehalt an Asparaginsäure und Lysin.Nach den erhaltenen Ergebnissen steht fest, daß das lösliche Traubenprotein sich aus den gleichen Aminosäuren aufbaut wie das wärmelabile Eiweiß und die Voitfällung des Mostes oder Weines. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten der Fraktionen bei der Wärmedenaturierung muß demnach aufquantitative Unterschiede der Aminosäuren in den einzelnen Fraktionen zurückgeführt werden. Ornithin entsteht wahrscheinlich bei der Hydrolyse der Voit-Fällung. Da diese nur sauer hydrolysiert wurde; konnte Tryptophan nicht gefunden werden. Es ist jedoch anzunehmen, daß es sowohl darin wie auch im Eiweißtrub des Weines vorhanden ist.Die Arbeit stellt einen Ausschnitt aus der Dissertation von E.Sajak dar: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Traubenproteins und der Eiweißtrübungen der Weine Univ. Frankfurt a. M. 1961     

Einsatz eines 50-kg-Aufblaskonverters zur Untersuchung der Entkohlung von Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Schmelzen

Stand der Kenntnis zur Entkohlungsreaktion. Einsatz von älteren Kleinkonverteranlagen. Kennzeichnende Daten des eigenen Kleinkonverters. Kohlenstoffabbrand und Sauerstoffzunahme. Frischgeschwindigkeit bei den eigenen Versuchen im Vergleich zu großtechnischen Anlagen. Temperaturverlauf im Bad, Brennfleck und in der Badoberfläche außerhalb des Brennflecks.     

Zum Einfluß von Temperatur und Dehngeschwindigkeit auf die Streckgrenze von Baustählen unterschiedlicher Festigkeit

Untersuchungen an vier ferritisch-perlitischen Stählen unterschiedlicher chemischer Zusammensetzung und Korngröße sowie einem bainitischen Stahl mit Streckgrenzenwerten zwischen 200 und 630 N/mm². Ermittlung deroberen und unteren Streckgrenze im Temperaturbereich zwischen 77 und 370 K bei Dehngeschwindigkeiten zwischen dem quasistatischen und dem Schlagzugversuch . Auswertung der unteren Streckgrenze nach dem Modell des thermisch aktivierten Fließens.     

Inspection of Asian Lacquer Substructures by Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging (THz-TDI)

Lacquering is considered one of the most representative Asian artistic techniques. While the decorative part of lacquerwares is the lacquer itself, their substructures serve as the backbone of the object itself. Very little is known about these hidden substructures. Since lacquerwares are mostly composed of organic materials, such as urushi, wood, carbon black, and fabrics which are very X-ray transparent, standard X-ray radiography has some problems in achieving clear X-ray radiographic images. Therefore, we wanted to contribute to the understanding of the lacquer manufacturing technique by inspecting the substructures of Asian lacquerwares by means of THz time-domain imaging (THz-TDI). Three different kinds of Asian lacquerwares were examined by THz-TDI, and the outcomes have been compared with those obtained by standard X-radiography. THz-TDI provides unique information on lacquerwares substructures, aiding in the comprehension of the manufacturing technology yielding to these precious artefacts.     

Women''s experiences of non-invasive breast cancer: literature review and study report

A review of the post-1990 literature on breast cancer has identified a large body of psychosocial research focusing on coping styles, quality of life and women's participation in choice of treatment. However, numerous methodological problems were found, including a variety of different diagnoses included in samples both within studies and between studies, making comparisons difficult. In particular, no article was traced which focused on non-invasive breast cancer, or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Therefore a small exploratory study was conducted using qualitative methods to explore women's experience of DCIS, in an attempt to begin exploration of possible similarities or differences in the way women experience invasive and non-invasive breast cancer. A convenience sample of 10 women treated at two hospitals in an Australian state capital city was interviewed, and three themes which emerged from these interviews are discussed in this article. These are discovering the problem, reaction to the diagnosis, and information. Most women unexpectedly reacted in a calm and accepting way to receiving the diagnosis of DCIS, and this may be because they had had no signs of disease but been recalled for further tests after routine screening. They felt well and had no cause to assume a poor prognosis. It is possible also that their reactions were affected by a television health education campaign at the time, which gave a very optimistic picture of the benefits of early detection of breast cancer. Information-giving, as reported by the women, seemed deficient. None of them knew that they had had a non-invasive condition, one thought her disease had been benign, and another that hers was "evasive'. Findings are discussed in relation to the literature on information-giving and on the role of the nurse in this area, and suggestions are made for further research to systematically compare women's reactions to having invasive and non-invasive breast cancer in order that nurses may be aware of their possibly different needs and respond to them appropriately.     

Targeted disruption of the pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) gene in mice causes loss of keratinocyte cell adhesion with a phenotype similar to pemphigus vulgaris

In patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) cause loss of cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes in the basal and immediate suprabasal layers of stratified squamous epithelia. The pathology, at least partially, may depend on protease release from keratinocytes, but might also result from antibodies interfering with an adhesion function of Dsg3. However, a direct role of desmogleins in cell adhesion has not been shown. To test whether Dsg3 mediates adhesion, we genetically engineered mice with a targeted disruption of the DSG3 gene. DSG3 -/- mice had no DSG3 mRNA by RNase protection assay and no Dsg3 protein by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoblots. These mice were normal at birth, but by 8-10 d weighed less than DSG3 +/- or +/+ littermates, and at around day 18 were grossly runted. We speculated that oral lesions (typical in PV patients) might be inhibiting food intake, causing this runting. Indeed, oropharyngeal biopsies showed erosions with histology typical of PV, including suprabasilar acantholysis and "tombstoning" of basal cells. EM showed separation of desmosomes. Traumatized skin also had crusting and suprabasilar acantholysis. Runted mice showed hair loss at weaning. The runting and hair loss phenotype of DSG3 -/- mice is identical to that of a previously reported mouse mutant, balding (bal). Breeding indicated that bal is coallelic with the targeted mutation. We also showed that bal mice lack Dsg3 by IF, have typical PV oral lesions, and have a DSG3 gene mutation. These results demonstrate the critical importance of Dsg3 for adhesion in deep stratified squamous epithelia and suggest that pemphigus autoantibodies might interfere directly with such a function.     

Characterisation of the conveying effect of turned radial shaft seal counter-surfaces using a simplified hydrodynamic simulation model

A typical sealing system for rotating shafts consists of the radial shaft sealing ring (RSS), the lubricant and the shaft counter-surface (SCS) of the rotating shaft. The properties of the machined surface of the SCS have an impact on the sealing system. The structural pattern of the SCS influences the lubricant flow along the axial direction. In this paper, a simplified micro scale hydrodynamic simulation model is presented in order to study and determine the axial flow of the lubricant induced by the SCS of the sealing system, isolated from the effects induced by the seal, to allow for a rating of the shaft surface. The influence of the seal was neglected to allow for a simplified simulation. Simulated shaft surfaces corresponding to different machining parameters of machined SCS are used as input. These variants of SCS were created using a kinematic model which simulates an ideal surface machining process of the shaft. A micro scale hydrodynamic simulation model is used to investigate the influence of machining parameters on the lubricant flow along the axial direction across the tribo-contact. From this investigation, the connection between parameters applied for machining of the SCS and conveying effects can be estimated. The simulation model is also validated with experimental results of hard turned shafts of different machining parameters. Differences between manufactured real surfaces and kinematically simulated surfaces are the cause of deviations between the results.

     

Valence-band offsets of InGaZnO<Subscript>4</Subscript>, LaAlO<Subscript>3</Subscript>, and SrTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> heterostructures explained by interface-induced gap states

The intrinsic interface-induced gap states (IFIGS) which derive from the virtual gap states of the complex band structure are the fundamental mechanism that determines the band-structure lineup at semiconductor interfaces. The valence-band offsets of heterostructures are composed of a zero-charge-transfer term and an electrostatic-dipole contribution which are given by the difference of the p-type branch-point energies of the IFIGS and of the electronegativities, respectively, of the two semiconductors involved. The valence-band offsets of InGaZnO₄, LaAlO₃, and SrTiO₃ heterostructures are quantitatively and consistently explained by the IFIGS-and-electronegativity concept. The analysis of the experimental InGaZnO₄, LaAlO₃, and SrTiO₃ data yields the p-type branch-point energies as 2.37?±?0.18 eV, 2.59?±?0.13 eV, and 2.86?±?0.14 eV, respectively.