Bisacid A2 (2,2-diphenylolpropane dioxyacetic acid) as a constituent of crosslinked polyesters

The preparation of polyester resins using Bisacid A2 as the modifying acid in systems containing maleic unsaturation is briefly described. The detailed compositions of the various resins, the yields, final acid values, and capillary melting ranges are tabulated. The preparation of resin solutions in reactive monomers (principally styrene) and the viscosities of the resulting liquid resins at various monomer contents are given. The casting of unfilled standard sheet for subsequent testing is described. The range of Barcol hardnesses of the cast cured sheets is reported.     

Einfluß sehr niedriger Schwefelgehalte auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Stahles St 52-3

Legierungsverfahren zur Einbringung von Metallen seltener Erden in Versuchsschmelzen. Abhängigkeit der Schwefelabsenkung vom Zusatz dieser Metalle zum Stahl. Ermittlung von Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze, Bruchdehnung, Brucheinschnürung und Kerbschlagzähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Probenlage (längs, quer und in Dickenrichtung) bei unterschiedlich abgesenkten Schwefelgehalten.     

Beeinflussung des Formänderungsvermögens warmfester Stähle bei der Warmumformung durch Änderung von Temperaturführung und Vorumformung

Gleeble-Untersuchungen zum Formänderungsvermögen warmfester Röhrenstähle bei der Warmumformung. Einfluß von Temperatur, Haltedauer und Abkühlgeschwindigkeit. Übertragbarkeit auf Umformverfahren.     

Der Einfluß von Temperatur und Verformungsgeschwindigkeit auf die Konstanten der Ludwik-Gleichung

Beschreibung der Spannung-Dehnung-Kurve ferritischer und ferritisch-perlitischer Stähle mit der Ludwik-Gleichung. Abhängigkeit des Verfestigungsexponenten und des Vorfaktors der Ludwik-Gleichung von Prüftemperatur und Verformungsgeschwindigkeit bei 1-, 2- und 3-n-Verhalten.     

Einfluß der Probengeometrie auf die Ergebnisse von Bruchmechanik-Untersuchungen an dem Stahl StE 47

Untersuchung an Kompakt-Zug-(CT-)Proben zum Einfluß der Probendicke und -breite auf die Rißzähigkeit des Stahls StE 47 in Abhängigkeit von der Prüftemperatur. Auswirkungen auf die Ausbildung der plastischen Zone und das Bruchaussehen. Vergleich der Rißzähigkeit mit den bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen Rißaufweitung und J-Integral.     

A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials

One of the main challenges in food contact materials research is to prove that the presence of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is not a safety issue. Migration extracts may contain many unknown substances present at low concentrations. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify all these potential NIAS and concurrently to assess their health risk upon exposure, whereas the health relevance at low exposure levels might not even be an issue. This paper describes a scientifically based, but pragmatic safety assessment approach for unknown substances present at low exposure levels in food contact matrices. This complex mixture safety assessment strategy (CoMSAS) enables one to distinguish toxicologically relevant from toxicologically less relevant substances, when related to their respective levels of exposure, and allows one to focus on the substances of potential health concern. In particular, substances for which exposure will be below certain thresholds may be considered not of health relevance in case specific classes of substances are excluded. This can reduce the amount of work needed for identification, characterisation and evaluation of unknown substances at low concentration. The CoMSAS approach is presented in this paper using a safety assessment of unknown NIAS that may migrate from three carton samples.     

Multimodal Precision Imaging of Pulmonary Nanoparticle Delivery in Mice: Dynamics of Application,Spatial Distribution,and Dosimetry

Targeted delivery of nanomedicine/nanoparticles (NM/NPs) to the site of disease (e.g., the tumor or lung injury) is of vital importance for improved therapeutic efficacy. Multimodal imaging platforms provide powerful tools for monitoring delivery and tissue distribution of drugs and NM/NPs. This study introduces a preclinical imaging platform combining X‐ray (two modes) and fluorescence imaging (three modes) techniques for time‐resolved in vivo and spatially resolved ex vivo visualization of mouse lungs during pulmonary NP delivery. Liquid mixtures of iodine (contrast agent for X‐ray) and/or (nano)particles (X‐ray absorbing and/or fluorescent) are delivered to different regions of the lung via intratracheal instillation, nasal aspiration, and ventilator‐assisted aerosol inhalation. It is demonstrated that in vivo propagation‐based phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging elucidates the dynamic process of pulmonary NP delivery, while ex vivo fluorescence imaging (e.g., tissue‐cleared light sheet fluorescence microscopy) reveals the quantitative 3D drug/particle distribution throughout the entire lung with cellular resolution. The novel and complementary information from this imaging platform unveils the dynamics and mechanisms of pulmonary NM/NP delivery and deposition for each of the delivery routes, which provides guidance on optimizing pulmonary delivery techniques and novel‐designed NM for targeting and efficacy.     

Ethics of responsibilities distributions in a technological culture

In this paper, I develop and differentiate some problems of the interaction between corporations, individuals and the general public as well as institutions like the state or international non-governmental organizations as well as super-national organizations. Firms or corporations are nowadays much more international than they used to be; they are typically multinational enterprises giving rise to special transnational problems of transactions, interchanges and—indeed also—responsibilities ranging over national borders and restricted areas. In our culture, we have to deal with rather ramified types of individual and collective as well as specific corporate responsibilities tending to reach out beyond national borders, specific state law restrictions and even business systems and economies. The traditional personal and individual responsibility and their different forms will not do to cope with all the respective international, intercultural and inter-sectoral problems of modern corporations and their international interactions. In the paper, I have also discussed the question: Do multinational organizations and corporations have a sort of specific corporate responsibility, and if so, against whom and for what—except for their share- and stakeholders?     

Properties of coherence-gated wavefront sensing

Coherence-gated wavefront sensing (CGWS) allows the determination of wavefront aberrations in strongly scattering tissue and their correction by adaptive optics. This allows, e.g., the restoration of the diffraction limit in light microscopy. Here, we develop a model, based on ray tracing of ballistic light scattered from a set of discrete scatterers, to characterize CGWS performance as it depends on coherence length, scatterer density, coherence-gate position, and polarization. The model is evaluated by using Monte Carlo simulation and verified against experimental measurements. We show, in particular, that all aberrations needed for adaptive wavefront restoration are correctly sensed if circularly polarized light is used.