Standard atomic weights of the elements (1988)

Standard atomic weights of the elements (1988)     

Synthesis and studies of phosphorus-containing polyurethane foams based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride derivatives

A phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing polyl is prepared by condensing tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride with diethanol amine in aqueous medium. The newly synthesized polyol-bis(hydroxymethyl)-N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphine oxide (AMPO) is used in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with a various phosphorus content. With the view to comparing their properties, polyurethane foams are also prepared on the basis of the commercially available flame retardant diethyl-N, N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate (Fyrol 6). The flammability, thermal stability, and thermoechanical properties of the polyurethane foams obtained are studied. A certain difference in the behavior of the two modified polyurethane foams is observed. The polyurethane foams with AMPO exhibit a slight increase in the resistance to combustion (oxygen index) and a noticeable improvement in the thermal and mechanical properties. These differences probably arise as a result of structural and functional differences between the two types of phosphorus-containing flame retardants.     

Ion flotation of cadmium(II) and zinc(II) in the presence of proton-ionizable lariat ethers

Competitive flotation of Cd(II) and Zn(II) from very dilute aqueous solutions by proton-ionizable lariat ethers in the presence of nonylphenol nona(ethylene glycol) ether as a nonionic foaming agent is reported. Influences of structural variation within the collector (identity of the pendent acidic group and lipophilicity), concentration of the collector, and pH of the aqueous solution are assessed. A monoethyl lariat ether phosphonic acid collector is found to exhibit high Cd(II)/Zn(II) flotation selectivity under certain conditions.     

机器零件的先进焊接修复技术

本文讨论了应用多种先进的焊接及其相关技术修复机器零件的实例,阐述了实际修复的具体工艺步骤,通过等离子堆焊复合粉末的实验研究强调了控制涂覆层质量的重要性：并指出修复层的耐蚀、耐磨性和修复成本,是具体选择修复工艺方法时需要考虑的主要因素。     

Serum microRNAs in Systemic Sclerosis,Associations with Digital Vasculopathy and Lung Involvement

Background and aims: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune, rare multisystem chronic disease that is still not well-understood aetiologically and is challenging diagnostically. In the literature, there are ever-increasing assumptions regarding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in SSc development; one of them is circulating microRNAs. Many of them regulate TLR pathways and are significant in autoimmune balance. The aim of this study was to determine profile expression of selected microRNAs in SSc patients, including miR-126, -132, -143, -145, -155, -181a, -29a and -3148, in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: Serum microRNAs were isolated from 45 patients with SSc and 57 healthy donors (HC). Additionally, SSc patients were considered in the aspect of disease subtype, including diffuse systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) and limited systemic sclerosis (lcSSc). Results: miR-3148 was detected neither in the serum of HC nor in SSc patients. All of the rest of the analyzed microRNAs, excluding miR-126, miR-29a and miR-181a, were significantly upregulated in SSc patients in comparison to HC. However, miR-181a has been revealed only in the serum of patients with lcSSc but not dcSSc. Moderate positive correlations between the transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) and miR-126 and miR-145 were observed. A significant correlation has been found between serum miR-143 level and forced vital capacity (FVC). SSc patients with FVC ≤ 70% were characterized by significantly lower levels of miR-143 compared to patients with normal FVC. Additionally, the expression of miR-132 was significantly higher in dcSSc subgroup with detected active lung lesions compared to dcSSc patients with fibrotic lesions. Patients with an early scleroderma pattern of microangiopathy seen on nailfold video-capillaroscopy (NVC) revealed higher expression of miR-155 in serum than those with a late pattern. Conclusions: The expression profile of circulating cell-free miRNAs is significantly changed in the serum of SSc patients compared to healthy individuals. Downregulation of miRNA-181a and overexpression of miR-132, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-155 in serum may be significant in SSc in the context of biomarkers.     

Iron Speciation in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) Biofortified by Common Breeding

The iron storage protein ferritin is a potential vehicle to enhance the iron content of biofortified crops. With the aim of evaluating the potential of ferritin iron in plant breeding, we used species‐specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry to quantify ferritin iron in bean varieties with a wide range of total iron content. Zinc, phytic acid, and polyphenols were also measured. Total iron concentration in 21 bean varieties ranged from 32 to 115 ppm and was positively correlated with concentrations of zinc (P = 0.001) and nonferritin bound iron (P < 0.001). Ferritin iron ranged from 13% to 35% of total iron and increased only slightly in high iron beans (P = 0.007). Concentrations of nonferritin bound iron and phytic acid were correlated (P = 0.001), although phytic acid:iron molar ratio decreased with increasing iron concentration (P = 0.003). Most iron in high iron beans was present as nonferritin bound iron, which confirms our earlier finding showing that ferritin iron in beans was lower than previously published. As the range of ferritin iron content in beans is relatively narrow, there is less opportunity for breeders to breed for high ferritin. The relevance of these findings to the extent of iron absorption depends on resolving the question of whether ferritin iron is absorbed or not to a greater extent than nonferritin bound iron.     

An analysis of the etiology of anemia and iron deficiency in young women of low socioeconomic status in Bangalore, India

BACKGROUND: Anemia and iron deficiency are significant public health problems in India, particularly among women and children. Recent figures suggest that nearly 50% of young Indian women are anemic. OBJECTIVES: Few studies have comprehensively assessed etiologic factors contributing to anemia and iron deficiency in India. Hence, this study assessed the relative importance of various factors contributing to these problems in young women of low socioeconomic status in Bangalore, India. METHODS: A random sample of 100 nonpregnant, nonlactating women 18 to 35 years of age, selected from among 511 women living in a poor urban settlement, participated in this study. Data were obtained on demography, socioeconomic status, anthropometry, three-day dietary intake, blood hemoglobin, hemoglobinopathies, serum ferritin, serum C-reactive protein, and stool parasites. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 39% and 62%, respectively; 95% of the anemic women were iron deficient. The mean dietary iron intake was 9.5 mg per day, predominantly from the consumption of cereals, pulses, and vegetables (77%). The estimated bioavailability of nonheme iron in this diet was 2.8%. Dietary intakes were suboptimal for several nutrients. Blood hemoglobin was significantly correlated with dietary intake of fat, riboflavin, milk and yogurt, and coffee. Serum ferritin was significantly correlated with intake of niacin, vitamin B12, and selenium. Parasitic infestation was low. CONCLUSIONS: An inadequate intake of dietary iron, its poor bioavailability, and concurrent inadequate intake of dietary micronutrients appear to be the primary factors responsible for the high prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in this population.     

Hybrid evolutionary partitioning algorithm for heat transfer enhancement in VLSI circuits

In this paper, a new approach to improving the heat transfer in integrated circuits (ICs) is presented. It is based on improving the thermal conductivity of ICs by increasing the number of their external connections up to the level determined by the packaging standard. In order to attain this goal, a new hybrid evolutionary partitioning algorithm (HEPA) for circuits partitioning is introduced. The computations carried out for the chosen benchmarks show that HEPA is able to reach optimal solutions in the case of bipartitioning problem, and almost optimal in the case of k-way partitioning (k>2). The presented approach is especially dedicated for a flip chip interconnect technology which is used in contemporary ICs.