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81.
Artur Mielcarek Wojciech Janczukowicz Kamila Ostrowska Tomasz Jóźwiak Izabella Kłodowska Joanna Rodziewicz Marcin Zieliński 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2013,119(4):242-250
This study reports results of respirometric measurements of activated sludge biodegrading the substrate in wastewater originating from the following brewery plant production departments: malt house, brewhouse, fermentation house and racking house. The process was conducted at two temperatures: 10 and 20°C with activated sludge adapted to brewery wastewaters. The loading of activated sludge reached 0.25 g chemical oxygen demand per gram dry matter per day, which assured complete degradation of organic matter. The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewaters are provided. The study demonstrates a correlation between the site of wastewater generation, the specific character of a unitary technological process and the quality of the wastewater discharged to the sewage system, including biodegradability. Despite significant differences in the quality of the wastewaters, they were characterized by high biodegradability at a temperature of 10 and 20°C and by the C:N:P ratio being beneficial for biological treatment, irrespective of their source of origin. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 相似文献
82.
Nanoengineered biodegradable constructs based on synthetic and natural polymers enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have been found to mimic the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. The main objective of this study was to create biocomposite nanostructured scaffolds by incorporating collagen and HA nanoparticles into poly(L-lactic acid)-co-poly(?-caprolactone) by electrospinning. The fiber diameter of the composite PLCL/Col and PLCL/Col/HA fibers was smaller compared to PLCL. In vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds studied using human fetal osteoblasts and EDX analysis showed high deposition of calcium on PLCL/Col/HA. The results shows that PLCL/Col/HA nanofibrous constructs have huge potential as substrates for bone regeneration. 相似文献
83.
Natalia Pawlik Barbara Szpikowska-Sroka Ewa Pietrasik Tomasz Goryczka Wojciech A. Pisarski 《中国稀土学报(英文版)》2019,37(11):1137-1144
In the present work,the transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramic samples containing GdF_3:RE~(3+)(RE=Tb,Eu) nanocrystals(nGCs) were fabricated via controlled heat-treatment of precursor xerogels prepared using a sol-gel method.The formation of GdF_3 nanocrystalline phase from gadolinium(III) trifluoroacetate was verified based on XRD measurements.The average crystal sizes calculated from Scherrer formula were estimated to~10 nm as well as~6 nm for Tb~(3+)-and Eu~(3+)-doped samples,respectively.The optical behavior of prepared sol-gel samples was evaluated based on photoluminescence excitation(PLE) and emission spectra(PL) as well as luminescence decay analysis.Obtained samples exhibit the ~5D_4→~7F_J(J=6-3,Tb~(3+))and the ~5D_0→~7F_J(J=0-4,Eu~(3+)) emission bands recorded within the visible spectral area under excitation at near-UV(393 nm(Eu~(3+)),351,369,378 nm(Tb~(3+))) as well as middle-UV illumination(273 nm(Gd~(3+))).Additionally,based on recorded decay curves,the luminescence lifetimes(τ_m) for the ~5D_4(Tb3+) and the ~5D_0(Eu~(3+))excited states were also evaluated.In general,recorded luminescence spectra and double-exponential character of decay curves for nGCs indicate a successful migration of Tb~(3+) and Eu~(3+) dopant ions from amorphous silicate framework to lowphonon energy GdF_3 nanocrystal phase. 相似文献
84.
The wide adoption of path‐tracing algorithms in high‐end realistic rendering has stimulated many diverse research initiatives. In this paper we present a coherent survey of methods that utilize Monte Carlo integration for estimating light transport in scenes containing participating media. Our work complements the volume‐rendering state‐of‐the‐art report by Cerezo et al. [ CPP*05 ]; we review publications accumulated since its publication over a decade ago, and include earlier methods that are key for building light transport paths in a stochastic manner. We begin by describing analog and non‐analog procedures for free‐path sampling and discuss various expected‐value, collision, and track‐length estimators for computing transmittance. We then review the various rendering algorithms that employ these as building blocks for path sampling. Special attention is devoted to null‐collision methods that utilize fictitious matter to handle spatially varying densities; we import two “next‐flight” estimators originally developed in nuclear sciences. Whenever possible, we draw connections between image‐synthesis techniques and methods from particle physics and neutron transport to provide the reader with a broader context. 相似文献
85.
Kristopher Page Michael Wilson Nicola J. Mordan Wojciech Chrzanowski Jonathan Knowles Ivan P. Parkin 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(19):6355-6363
The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus was studied using a selection of laboratory-prepared and commercially available coated glass substrates using a simple methodology.
Substrates were examined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and water droplet contact angles. It was
found that microbial adhesion was independent of surface roughness, when this was of a lower magnitude than microbial size.
It was also found that microbial adhesion was greater for hydrophilic surfaces than for hydrophobic ones, but that on a photoinduced
superhydrophilic surface, microbes were more spread out—a potential benefit for more effective photocatalytic disinfection.
It is suggested that hydrophobic and photoinduced superhydrophilic surface coatings both have potential as a means of reducing
microbial fouling of surfaces. 相似文献
86.
Anna Przybyła Mirosław Chorążewski Edward Zorębski Wojciech Marczak 《International Journal of Thermophysics》2011,32(4):852-866
Densities and speeds of ultrasound in binary mixtures of dibromomethane with heptane have been measured within the temperature
range from 288.15 K to 318.15 K. From the experimental data, the thermodynamic excess volume, molar isobaric expansion, molar
isentropic compression, and ultrasonic speed were calculated. The excess volume and excess isentropic compression have opposite
signs, whereas the excess isobaric expansion is an S-shaped function of the mole fraction. An explanation was suggested to
account for the excesses in terms of intermolecular interactions. It involved energetic and steric factors. Moreover, it was
shown that the positive excess sound speed results almost entirely from the negative excess compression. 相似文献
87.
Pawel Kolodziejczak Wojciech Kalita 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2009,209(2):1122-1128
The paper presents results of keyhole laser beam welding of dissimilar magnesium alloys that have been carried out with the CO2 laser of maximum power of 2.5 kW. The workpieces of die-cast alloys AZ91 and AM50 with thicknesses of 4.5 mm have been butt-welded with helium used as a shielding gas. With the chosen flow rate of helium shielding and the focal position set on the metal surface the nearly parallel fusion zones boundaries were obtained. The analysis of microstructures of the joints, measurements of hardness distribution and the elemental distribution in the weld cross-sections permitted to find the changes due to heating in the fusion zones and recrystallization. The static tensile strength tests and the three point bending tests have allowed to determine the mechanical properties of the joints. The corrosion resistance tests performed by the electrochemical method on samples of as-cast materials and samples with the welds of similar and dissimilar alloys have not displayed the differences in the corrosion resistance. However, the microscopic observations of surfaces of welded samples have shown the influence of the joints on corrosion development. 相似文献
88.
Wojciech Zębala Bogdan Słodki 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2013,65(5-8):881-893
The paper presents research work concerning difficult-to-cut materials turning and chipbreakers reliability in local operating features. Inconel 718 alloy was used as a sample material and two different chipbreakers were tested. The aim of the research was to check the efficiency of chipbreakers in the area of applications recommended by tool manufacturers. As a result, the algorithm for cutting data selection and correction which combines experiments and simulation processes concerning chip breakage effectiveness was built. To estimate chip forms in tests, the visual system equipped with a high-speed camera was used. The cutting forces measuring system provided information for verification of simulation results. The simulation based on the FEM was applied to estimate chip groove filling. Distributions of temperature and stresses on the tool rake face in the function of distance from the cutting edge were calculated. The paper gives recommendations for cutting data correction to achieve acceptable chip forms. 相似文献
89.
Krzysztof Dembczyński Wojciech Kotłowski Roman Słowiński 《Data mining and knowledge discovery》2010,21(1):52-90
Induction of decision rules plays an important role in machine learning. The main advantage of decision rules is their simplicity
and human-interpretable form. Moreover, they are capable of modeling complex interactions between attributes. In this paper,
we thoroughly analyze a learning algorithm, called ENDER, which constructs an ensemble of decision rules. This algorithm is
tailored for regression and binary classification problems. It uses the boosting approach for learning, which can be treated
as generalization of sequential covering. Each new rule is fitted by focusing on examples which were the hardest to classify
correctly by the rules already present in the ensemble. We consider different loss functions and minimization techniques often
encountered in the boosting framework. The minimization techniques are used to derive impurity measures which control construction
of single decision rules. Properties of four different impurity measures are analyzed with respect to the trade-off between
misclassification (discrimination) and coverage (completeness) of the rule. Moreover, we consider regularization consisting
of shrinking and sampling. Finally, we compare the ENDER algorithm with other well-known decision rule learners such as SLIPPER,
LRI and RuleFit. 相似文献
90.