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91.
Shaghayegh Naghdi Emily Brown Mohammad Zendehbad Ann Duong Wolfgang Ipsmiller Santu Biswas Maytal Caspary Toroker Hossein Kazemian Dominik Eder 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(20):2213862
The selective removal of one ligand in mixed-ligand MOFs upon thermolysis provides a powerful strategy to introduce additional mesopores without affecting the overall MOF structure. By varying the initial ligand ratio, MOFs of the MIL-125-Ti family with two distinct hierarchical pore architectures are synthesized, resembling either large cavities or branching fractures. The performance of the resulting hierarchically porous MOFs is evaluated toward the adsorptive removal of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) from water, and the adsorption kinetics and mechanism are examined. Due to their strong affinity for phosphoric groups, the numerous Ti–OH groups resulting from the selective ligand removal act as natural anchor points for effective glyphosate uptake. The relationships between contact duration, glyphosate concentration, and adsorbent dosage are investigated, and the impact of these parameters on the effectiveness of glyphosate removal from contaminated water samples is examined. The introduction of additional mesopores has increased the adsorption capacities by nearly 3 times with record values exceeding 440.9 mg g−1, which ranks these MOFs among the best-reported adsorbents. 相似文献
92.
Efficient numerical methods for the large‐scale,parallel solution of elastoplastic contact problems
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Jörg Frohne Timo Heister Wolfgang Bangerth 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2016,105(6):416-439
Quasi‐static elastoplastic contact problems are ubiquitous in many industrial processes and other contexts, and their numerical simulation is consequently of great interest in accurately describing and optimizing production processes. The key component in these simulations is the solution of a single load step of a time iteration. From a mathematical perspective, the problems to be solved in each time step are characterized by the difficulties of variational inequalities for both the plastic behavior and the contact problem. Computationally, they also often lead to very large problems. In this paper, we present and evaluate a complete set of methods that are (1) designed to work well together and (2) allow for the efficient solution of such problems. In particular, we use adaptive finite element meshes with linear and quadratic elements, a Newton linearization of the plasticity, active set methods for the contact problem, and multigrid‐preconditioned linear solvers. Through a sequence of numerical experiments, we show the performance of these methods. This includes highly accurate solutions of a three‐dimensional benchmark problem and scaling our methods in parallel to 1024 cores and more than a billion unknowns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Jens Hauslage Medea Abbrecht Lars Hanke Ruth Hemmersbach Claudia Koch Wolfgang Hanke Florian P. M. Kohn 《Microgravity science and technology》2016,28(6):633-638
All life on earth has been established under conditions of stable gravity of 1g. Nevertheless, in numerous experiments the direct gravity dependence of biological processes has been shown on all levels of organization, from single molecules to humans. To study the effects especially of microgravity on biological systems, a variety of platforms are available, from drop towers to the ISS. Due to the costs of these platforms and their limited availability, as an alternative, numerous simulators have been developed for so called “simulated” microgravity. A classical systems is a clinostat, basically rotating a sample around one axis, and by integration of the gravity vector for 360° arguing that thus the effects of gravity are depleted. Indeed, a variety of studies has shown that taking out the direction of gravity from a biological system often results in consequences similar to the exposure of the system to real microgravity. Nevertheless, the opposite has been shown, too, and as a consequence the relevance of clinostats in microgravity research is still under discussion. To get some more insight into this problem we have constructed a small fluorescence clinostat and have studied the effects of clinorotation on the cytosolic calcium concentration of neuroglioma cells. The results have been compared to experiments with identical cells in real microgravity, utilizing parabolic flight missions. Our results show that in case of a cell suspension used in a small florescence clinostat within a tube diameter of 2mm, the effects of clinorotation are comparable to those under real microgravity, both showing a significant increase in intracellular calcium concentration. 相似文献
94.
Dr. Wolfgang Jitschin 《真空研究与实践》2016,28(5):40-42
Testing refrigerant sniffers The technical generation of coldness is typically done by machines based on a closed thermodynamic process using a refrigerant. As refrigerants usually halogenated hydrocarbons are used since these have good thermodynamic properties. Unfortunately, the halogens are harmful to the environment: They destroy the ozone layer. Therefore, the machines must be tight and must not loose the refrigerant. To check a machine for leakage, mobile leak sniffers are available which can be reliably and quantitatively controlled by test leaks. 相似文献
95.
Olivier Guillon Wolfgang Rheinheimer Martin Bram 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2023,25(18):2201870
Novel sintering methods have emerged in the recent past years, which have raised great interest in the scientific community. Relying on electric field effects, high heating rates, the use of mechanical pressure, or hydrothermal conditions, they offer fundamental advantages compared to conventional sintering routes like minimizing the energy consumption and enhancing the process efficiency. This perspective aims at explaining these effects in a general way and presenting the status quo of using them for the processing of high-performing ceramic materials. In detail, this work focuses on flash sintering, ultrafast high-temperature sintering, spark plasma sintering, cold sintering, and photonic sintering methods based on different light sources. The specificities, potentials, and limitations of each method are compared, especially in the light of a possible industrialization. 相似文献
96.
Surface Inspection Pad (SIP) – A novel approach to resource-efficient sampling for contamination control of component surfaces The Surface Inspection Pad, or SIP for short, offers a cost-effective and resource-saving alternative to sampling for vacuum-assisted contamination control of component surfaces. The analysis of the surface chemistry of the component is then carried out by analyzing the SIP surface. In addition to other methods, surface-sensitive time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) can be used for the analysis. The components to be examined therefore no longer must be removed from the process and destroyed for the analysis. The user can save enormous costs in this way. Furthermore, SIPs can be used for contamination control in lubricant circuits and liquids. To date, silicone oil (PDMS) has been detected in liquids with a detection limit of less than 10–6 (ppm). 相似文献
97.
Maurus Biedermann Konrad Grob Carlo Mariani Joachim P. Schmidt 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,202(3):199-204
Adulteration of expensive edible oils, such as olive oil, often involves desterolized oils in order to render the adulteration undetectable. Sunflower oil contains characteristic 7-sterols, which are readily removed upon strong bleaching. It is shown that these 7-sterols do not primarily dehydrate (as do 5-sterols), but isomerize to 8(14)- and 14-sterols. These compounds can be analysed by LC on silica gel or GC on capillary columns with stationary phases of intermediate to high polarity. 相似文献
98.
Georg Birkenheuer Andr�� Brinkmann Mikael H?gqvist Alexander Papaspyrou Bernhard Schott Dietmar Sommerfeld Wolfgang Ziegler 《Journal of Grid Computing》2011,9(3):355-377
Infrastructure federation is becoming an increasingly important issue for modern Distributed Computing Infrastructures (DCIs):
Dynamic elasticity of quasi-static Grid environments, incorporation of special-purpose resources into commoditized Cloud infrastructures,
cross-community collaboration for increasingly diverging areas of modern e-Science, and Cloud Bursting pose major challenges
on the technical level for many resource and middleware providers. Especially with respect to increasing costs of operating
data centers, the intelligent yet automated and secure sharing of resources is a key factor for success. With the D-Grid Scheduler
Interoperability (DGSI) project within the German D-Grid Initiative, we provide a strategic technology for the automatically
negotiated, SLA-secured, dynamically provisioned federation of resources and services for Grid-and Cloud-type infrastructures.
This goal is achieved by complementing current DCI schedulers with the ability to federate infrastructure for the temporary
leasing of resources and rechanneling of workloads. In this work, we describe the overall architecture and SLA-secured negotiation
protocols within DGSI and depict an advanced mechanism for resource delegation through means of dynamically provisioned, virtualized
middleware. Through this methodology, we provide the technological foundation for intelligent capacity planning and workload
management in a cross-infrastructure fashion. 相似文献
99.
Mike Espig Wolfgang Hackbusch Stefan Handschuh Reinhold Schneider 《Computing and Visualization in Science》2011,14(6):271-285
We discuss the calculus of variations in tensor representations with a special focus on tensor networks and apply it to functionals of practical interest. The survey provides all necessary ingredients for applying minimization methods in a general setting. The important cases of target functionals which are linear and quadratic with respect to the tensor product are discussed, and combinations of these functionals are presented in detail. As an example, we consider the representation rank compression in tensor networks. For the numerical treatment, we use the nonlinear block Gauss?CSeidel method. We demonstrate the rate of convergence in numerical tests. 相似文献
100.
In interactive theorem proving practice a significant amount of time is spent on unsuccessful proof attempts of wrong conjectures.
An automatic method that reveals them by generating finite counter examples would offer an extremely valuable support for
a proof engineer by saving his time and effort. In practice, such counter examples tend to be small, so usually there is no
need to search for big instances. Most definitions of functions or predicates on infinite structures do not preserve the semantics
if a transition to arbitrary finite substructures is made. We propose constraints which guarantee a correct axiomatization
on finite structures and present an approach which uses the Alloy Analyzer to generate finite instances of theories in the
theorem prover KIV. It is evaluated on the library of basic data types as well as on some challenging case studies in KIV.
The technique is implemented using the Kodkod constraint solver which is a successor of Alloy. 相似文献