The behavior and effect of rare earth CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> TiC/Al composite

Rare earth CeO₂ was investigated as an additive for in-situ preparation of TiC/Al composites using XD (exothermal dispersion) + casting technology. Experiment results showed that an optimum CeO₂ addition of 0.5 wt pct promotes the generation and refinement of TiC particles, prevents the formation of Al₃Ti, increases the wettability between the TiC ceramic particles and the Al matrix, and improves the mechanical properties of composite. A corresponding thermodynamic model was proposed for the mechanism.     

Lanthanum Distribution and Oxygen Vacancy Concentration in SrBi4-x Lax Ti4O15

The Raman and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of lanthanum-doped SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBLT -x, x =0.00, 0. 05, 0. 10, 0. 25, 0.50, 0. 75 and 1.00) ferroelectric ceramics were investigated to explore the La substitution site and the influence of La-doping on the oxygen vacancy concentration. The results suggest that La3 ions behave pronounced site selectivity for the A site in the case of x ≤ 0.10, and they are incorporated into Bi2O2 layers at higher content. The oxygen vacancy concentration declines with La-doping, and the decrease seems saturated as La content is higher than 0.10.     

大亚湾核电站辐射防护和最优化(ALARA)管理体系十年的实践和经验

大亚湾核电站在近 1 0年的安全运行实践中建立并不断完善了以“全员培训、全体参与、全过程管理”为基本内容的辐射防护和最优化 (ALARA)管理体系 ,同时在“基础结构 (infrastructure)”上下功夫 ,努力构筑该体系有效运作的平台。本文综合介绍了大亚湾核电站辐射防护和最优化管理体系的内容和特点及其有效实施的基本经验。为了有效实施这一管理体系 ,核电站必须加强辐射防护责任制和辐射防护人员的主导作用 ,尤其是在高辐射风险作业中的技术支持和监督作用 ;必须强调该体系与核电站安全运行管理体系的有机结合和积极互动 ;必须重视安全文化建设 ,坚持经验反馈和透明度 ,保证该体系在实践中持续改进     

Development of boundary conditions for direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional vortex breakdown phenomena in semi-infinite domains

The suitability of various open boundary conditions is evaluated for direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional, incompressible, spatially and temporally evolving, swirling laminar jets in domains that extend to infinity in the downstream and radial direction. From the point of view of specifying conditions at the open boundaries, this class of flows is particularly challenging due to its ability to support traveling waves. Towards this end, several radial boundary conditions are implemented and tested with respect to their ability to conserve local and global mass, to handle low and high entrainment flow, and to avoid the introduction of artificial waves propagating from the boundaries into the interior: a free-slip condition, two types of homogeneous Neumann conditions, and a radiation condition in spirit of the outflow boundary condition. Global mass is conserved automatically within machine accuracy in the free-slip and simple radiation case, while the Neumann conditions require some iterative modification to conserve mass. This yields a computationally less efficient scheme which additionally exhibits poorer conservation properties due to the limited number of iterations. The free-slip condition typically requires the largest radial extent of the computational domain due to its impermeable character which is particularly problematic for the high entrainment flow. Hence, the radiation condition has been found as the most suitable lateral boundary condition for both high and low entrainment jets.     

Induced ordered weighted geometric operators and their use in the aggregation of multiplicative preference relations

In this article, we introduce the induced ordered weighted geometric (IOWG) operator and its properties. This is a more general type of OWG operator, which is based on the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. We provide some IOWG operators to aggregate multiplicative preference relations in group decision‐making (GDM) problems. In particular, we present the importance IOWG (I‐IOWG) operator, which induces the ordering of the argument values based on the importance of the information sources; the consistency IOWG (C‐IOWG) operator, which induces the ordering of the argument values based on the consistency of the information sources; and the preference IOWG (P‐IOWG) operator, which induces the ordering of the argument values based on the relative preference values associated with each one of them. We also provide a procedure to deal with “ties” regarding the ordering induced by the application of one of these IOWG operators. This procedure consists of a sequential application of the aforementioned IOWG operators. Finally, we analyze the reciprocity and consistency properties of the collective multiplicative preference relations obtained using IOWG operators. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Kinematic optimal design of a paramill: A multi‐SP device

In this paper, a manipulability analysis of a new parallel‐type rolling mill, named “paramill,” in its conceptual design stage is investigated. The paramill considered uses two Stewart platforms (SPs) in opposite directions for the generation of 6 degree‐of‐freedom motions of individual work‐rolls. The objective of this new approach is to pursue an integrated control of the strip thickness, strip shape, pair‐crossing angle, uniform wear of the rolls, and tension of the strip. The forward/inverse kinematics problems are formulated. Two main kinematic parameters, the size of the base and the acute angle made by two neighboring joints for a given size of the work‐roll, have been determined in the way that the force and moment transmission from the actuators to the work‐rolls is maximized. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Modeling and control for a Gough‐Stewart platform CNC machine

In this paper, a complete dynamic model on task space for a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) Gough‐Stewart platform‐type computer numerical control (CNC) machine is derived. The rotation terms of the legs are included for those inertia effects cannot be negligible in the machine tool applications. The formulation derived by means of the Euler‐Lagrange method is convenient for designing the adaptive control law. Also, the average‐type force model for end milling process is derived and included in the dynamic model and control. A composite adaptive control scheme is developed by use of filtering dynamics technique. An appropriate estimator gain is designed in the parameter adaptation law that is useful for estimating the selected important cutting parameters. Experimental results verify the proposed adaptive control scheme can achieve good tracking performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ULTRA‐FINE TRACKING CONTROL ON PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATED MOTION STAGE USING PIEZOELECTRIC HYSTERETIC MODEL

The tracking control accuracy of the piezoelectric actuator (PEA) is limited due to its inherent hysteresis nonlinearity. A new piezoelectric‐actuator model is synthesized based on two first‐order transfer systems in parallel with two tuned parameters determined from one experiment. Two open‐loop tracking controllers are implemented with the proposed model to compensate the hysteresis of linear positioning. Numerical simulations and experimental tests on the tracking of sinusoidal and triangular waveforms with signal frequencies ranging from 1Hz to 30 Hz are revisited and compared with the conventional Bouc‐Wen and Duhem models. Experimental results reveal that the RMS tracking error can be reduced to less than 2% of the maximum traveling distance without any feedback sensor. When a piezoelectric actuated on a two Degree‐Of‐Freedom (DOF) monolithic motion stage was employed, the RMS tracking error was 50 nm within the measured sensor accuracy.     

测量雷达天线座轴系精度分析

本文分析了影响测量雷达天线座轴系精度的一主要因素,为轴系设计提供参考。     

线阵CCD在安瓶三径在线自动检测分选系统中的应用

阐述了用线阵CCD检测系统通过变速扫描实现安瓶三径在线检测与控制的应用研究。文中用变速扫描方案，使在满足系统测量精度和高速的条件下，大大降低了对线阵CCD器件和扫描伺服系统性能的要求，使系统更具有实用价值。