Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 from 600 MW supercritical coal power plant to produce methanol: A techno-economic analysis

Electricity and water from renewable hydropower plant are used as input for electrolysis unit to generate hydrogen, while CO₂ is captured from 600 MW supercritical coal power plant using post-combustion chemical solvent based technology. The captured CO₂ and H₂ generated through electrolysis are used to synthesize methanol through catalytic thermo-chemical reaction. The methanol synthesis plant is designed, modeled and simulated using commercial software Aspen Plus^®. The reactor is analyzed for two widely adopted kinetic models known as Graaf model and Vanden-Bossche (VB) model to predict the methanol yield and CO₂ conversion. The results show that the methanol reactor based on Graaf kinetic model produced 0.66 tonne of methanol per tonne of CO₂ utilized which is higher than that of the VB kinetic model where 0.6 tonne of methanol is produced per tonne of CO₂ utilized. The economic analysis reveals that 1.2 billion USD annually is required at the present cost of both H₂ production and CO₂ abatement to utilize continuous emission of 3.2 million tonne of CO₂ annually from 600 MW supercritical coal power unit to synthesize methanol. However, sensitivity analysis indicates that methanol production becomes feasible by adopting anyone of the route such as by increasing methanol production rate, by reducing levelised cost of hydrogen production, by reducing CO₂ mitigation cost or by increasing the current market selling price of methanol and oxygen.     

纳米结构9Cr-ODS钢的制备工艺

本文对利用雾化法直接制备出Y、Ti过饱和固溶的粉体合金,经短时机械合金化和热等静压成型制备纳米结构9Cr-ODS钢技术进行了研究.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射研究雾化合金粉与短时球磨后雾化合金粉的形貌特征与组织的演化.通过高分辨透射电镜和电子背散射衍射研究热固化成型后ODS钢的微观组织.测试了雾化粉和球磨8 h合金粉热固化成型样品的应力-应变曲线.结果表明,用短时球磨雾化粉制备的ODS钢晶粒尺寸更加细小、形成高密度纳米尺寸的析出相.与常规方法制备的ODS钢相比,抗拉强度略高、塑性显著提高、球磨时间大幅缩短.     

Activated PPARβ/δ Protects Pancreatic β Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Goto–Kakizaki Rats from Lipoapoptosis via GPR40

GW501516-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 40 were shown to protect pancreatic β cells against lipoapoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether activated PPARβ/δ could protect type 2 diabetic rats from lipoapoptosis through regulation of GPR40 and to compare the protective effects of activated PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. We made an animal model of type 2 diabetic lipoapoptosis by feeding spontaneously type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats with a high-fat diet (HFD) to evaluate the effects of PPARβ/δ on islet β cell apoptosis. And, treated INS-1 cells with 0.5 mM palmitate (PAM) in the absence/presence of GW501516 (a specific agonist of PPAR β/δ) and with/without transfection of GPR40 siRNA to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. HFD aggravated GK rats' poorer INSR30, lower mass, greater apoptosis of β cells, lower mass, and lower expression of GPR40, which were similarly improved by GW501516 at 3 or 6 mg/kg day and pioglitazone. Compared with pioglitazone, GW501516 caused more weight loss and had no effect on insulin resistance. GW501516 protected INS-1 cells from PAM-induced apoptosis by upregulating GPR40 and activating Akt/Bcl-2/caspase-3. Activated extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) was relevant to the lipoapoptosis in INS-1 cells, but was not involved in the antilipoapoptotic effect of GW501516. These results showed that the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 protected β cells from lipoapoptosis and improved β cell mass by upregulating GPR40 and activating the Akt/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway, but not the ERK-signaling pathway.     

Subsolidus phase relation in the system ZnO–Li2O–MoO3

The subsolidus phase relation of the system ZnO–Li₂O–MoO₃ has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The phase diagram has been constructed. There are six binary compounds and one ternary compound in this system. The phase diagram comprises nine three-phase regions. The ternary compound Li₂Zn₂(MoO₄)₃ is refined by the Rietveld method. It belongs to an orthorhombic system with space group Pnma and lattice constants a = 5.1114 Å, b = 10.4906 Å, c = 17.6172 Å.     

The reduction of Eu to Eu in air and luminescence properties of Eu activated ZnO–B2O3–P2O5 glasses

A valence change from Eu³⁺ to Eu²⁺ was observed in the europium ion-doped ZnO–B₂O₃–P₂O₅ glasses prepared at high temperature in air. The fluorescence emission spectrum of the sample consists of a broad emission band ascribed to the 5d–4f transition of Eu²⁺ ion and sharp emission peaks assigned to the transitions of ⁵D_o–⁷F_J (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) of Eu³⁺ ion, indicating that part of Eu³⁺ can be reduced into Eu²⁺ in the glass. A charge compensation model is proposed. The rigid tetrahedral network structure of glasses plays an important role in stability of Eu²⁺. The fabrication conditions are also studied.     

铝合金结构腐蚀损伤性能评价指标

以试验为基础，结合有限元方法对遭受腐蚀损伤的铝合金结构性能进行了研究。将铝合金试验件在不同的腐蚀条件下进行预腐蚀，对预腐蚀后的试件进行疲劳加载试验。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对腐蚀损伤形貌进行观测和分析，对描述铝合金腐蚀损伤性能的两个关键参数：腐蚀损伤度、腐蚀损伤平均深度进行了实验观测和有限元分析。结果表明这两个参数可以作为铝合金结构腐蚀损伤性能的评价指标。     

便携式医疗监护仪的研制

介绍了一种基于单片机控制的便携式医疗监护仪数据采集终端的硬件研制.主要包括:心电、脉象、体温的数据采集、数据处理及其显示.本系统分别采用普通的Ag/AgCl电极、压电陶瓷器件、热敏电阻作为传感器分别采集心电信号、脉象信号和体温信号.并通过干扰抑制电路、滤波放大电路,获取清晰的生理参数信号,利用单片机对这些信号进行采样处理、存储和传送.经实验证明,该终端可实时采集、保存与处理心电、脉象、体温等生理参数数据,并可以完成短距离内的无线通信与数据显示.     

岛津公司新型气相色谱质谱联用仪GCMS-QP2010

本文介绍了岛津公司的新型气相色谱/质谱联用仪GCMS-QP2010,并与该公司的前一代产品GCMS-QP5050A进行了对比。着重介绍了GCMS-QO2010在提高灵敏度、仪器功能和使用范围以及仪器设计上所做的改进,说明GCMS-QQ2010与前代产品GCMS-QP5050A相比确实有较大的提高,同时也表明了我们选购该型号仪器的原因。     

十字形试件双向拉伸试验系统的PID控制

针对建立的十字形双向拉伸试验系统，利用微机控制系统中软件的灵活性，采用改进的PID控制算法，实现了速度控制、同轴两夹头的位移同步控制、不同轴位移的比例与非比例控制。结果表明，改进的PID控制方法提高了系统的控制性能与精度、准确性和可靠性高。