Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Copper-nickel superalloys as inert alloy anodes for aluminum electrolysis

The superalloys Cu-Ni-Al, Cu-Ni-Fe, and Cu-Ni-Cr were studied as anodes for aluminum electrolysis. The alloys were tested for corrosion in acidic electrolyte molten salt and for oxidation in both air and oxygen. The results showed that the Cu-Ni-Al anodes possess excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion, and the oxidation rates of Cu-Ni-Fe and Cu-Ni-Al anodes were slower than those of pure copper or nickel. During electrolysis, the cell voltage of the Cu-Ni-Al anode was affected most by the concentration of alumina in cryolite molten salt. The Cu-Ni-Fe anode exhibited corrosion resistance in electrolyte molten salt. Comparatively, the Cu-Ni-Cr anode showed poor resistance to oxidation and corrosion. The testing found that further study is warranted on the use of Cu-Ni-Al and Cu-Ni-Fe as inert alloy anodes. For more information, contact Zhongning Shi, Northeastern University, School of Materials and Metallurgy, WenhuiRoad No. 3, Shenynag, Liaoning 110004 China; e-mail znshi@163.com     

MOCVD外延Al2O3基AlGaN/GaN超晶格的结构和光学特性

通过X射线衍射分析、透射电镜观察、红外透射光谱分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱分析和光致发光试验,研究了用金属有机物化学汽相沉积（MOCVD）的方法,在带有GaN缓冲层的蓝宝石（Al2O3）衬底上生长的AlGaN/GaN超晶格材料的微观结构、光吸收性质和发光特性.X射线衍射结果表明,GaN基材料均为纤锌矿六方结构,薄膜具有良好的结晶质量,薄膜生长沿c轴择优取向.透射电镜观察表明,超晶格试样的周期结构分布均匀,实际周期为13.3nm，且观察到高密度的位错存在于外延膜中。通过光学试验数据，确定了试样的光学吸收边都是在370nm附近，理论计算显示试样为直接跃迁型半导体，禁带宽度约为3．4eV。试样的折射率随光子能量的增加而增加、随波长的增加而减小，计算表明消光系数的极小值位于370nm处。光致发光测试分析表明，超晶格有很好的发光性能，并发现存在黄带发光。     

水基流延工艺制备氧化铝生带材料研究

利用水基流延法,选用纯丙乳液作为粘结剂,成功制备出表面光滑、结构均匀、柔韧性良好、强度较高的Al2O3生带材料,并发现当分散剂聚丙烯酸铵(PAA-NH4)含量为2.5%(质量分数)、粘结剂纯丙乳液用量为27%～28%(体积分数)、pH值为9.5～10时可制备出稳定性良好、流动性适宜的α-Al2O3的水基流延浆料.对纯丙乳液进行了DTA和TGA热分析,在此基础上确定流延素片的排胶温度在500℃;将该工艺制备的α-Al2O3流延素片在1650℃并保温2 h的烧结条件下,获得了强度和致密度都较高的烧结体,其中烧结较好的流延片的相对密度达到94.5%.     

数控机床电主轴单元热-结构特性动态分析

分析了高速电主轴单元热变形机理与散热机制,对主轴单元热态特性要求进行了描述,利用AN-SYS对高速电主轴进行了热-结构耦合分析。通过改变电主轴有限元模型中的边界条件,对不同转速、润滑方式、冷却结构设计、内装式电机选择条件下电主轴热-结构特性进行了对比分析。根据分析结果,提出了改善电主轴热态特性的措施,为电主轴冷却结构设计提供了参考。     

冷轧工作辊摩擦不稳定分析及其抑制对策

对冷轧机工作辊由于摩擦力引起的垂直、横向振动作了定性分析，指出了它们的危害，提出了预防措施。     

SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID Ni-P AND Ni-Zr-P ALLOYS AND THEIR WETTABILITY ONTO ALUMINA

利用卧滴法(Sessile drop method)测定了液态Ni-P和Ni-Zr-P合金的表面张力以及熔体与Al_2O_3的润湿性,并用AES测定了磷在上述合金表面层中沿深度的分布。结果表明,磷在液Ni中为表面活性元素,当Ni中有少量Zr存在时,促进磷更加明显地降低液Ni的表面张力,磷在液Ni表面的最大吸附值与AES实测值相近.Ni-P熔体对Al_2O_3的润湿性与磷的含量有关;当合金中含有少量Zr时,其润湿性降低。此外,还测定了镍基合金与Al_2O_3界面的表观剪切强度。     

离心铸造不锈钢空心管坯裂纹缺陷的探讨

介绍了离心铸造1Cr18Ni9Ti钢管坯产生的裂纹形态;从理论上探讨了裂纹产生机理并提出了预防和消除裂纹的措施及较佳的铸造工艺参数。     

酯硬化碱性酚醛树脂砂工艺及生产应用研究

试验分析了酯硬化碱性酚醛树脂砂的工艺性能及各种因素的影响，生产浇注出优质铸件。     

新时期研究生挫折教育略论

加强对研究生的挫折教育,已成为新时期研究生教育的一项非常重要而迫切的任务。研究生挫折教育的途径主要有:培养研究生树立良好的挫折观;将远大志向与正确、切实的短期目标有机结合;研究生导师要将挫折教育作为自身工作的重要职责和内容;要创设挫折情境,加强实践体验;在研究生中积极开展抗挫互助活动;帮助研究生学会自我调适、自我超越、自我教育。