南海海边整层大气相干长度的测量与分析

大气相干长度是描述光波大气传输中湍流效应的重要参量,具有区域变化特性。海边大气相干长度的测量结果很少有报道,利用差分像运动法大气相干长度仪观测了茂名博贺海边的整层大气相干长度,获得了海边大气相干长度的全天数据。数据分析表明,海边整层大气相干长度日变化明显,夜晚起伏无规则,上半夜平均天文视宁度好于下半夜,白天最差;与陆地数据比较得知,海边整层大气相干长度日变化不如陆地上的剧烈,海边日变化成近"V"型,陆地上的为近"U"型;通过分析比较,提出了一些启发性的见解。     

面向移动云计算的自适应服务选择方法研究

Despite the rapid advances in mobile tech-nology, many constraints still prevent mobile de-vices from running resource-demanding applica-tions in mobile environments. Cloud computing with flexibility, stability and scalability enables ac-cess to unlimited resources for mobile devices, so more studies have focused on cloud computing- based mobile services. Due to the stability of wire-less networks, changes of Quality of Service (QoS) level and user' real-time preferences, it is becoming challenging to determine how to adaptively choose the “appropriate”service in mobile cloud compu-ting environments. In this paper, we present an a-daptive service selection method. This method first extracts user preferences from a service's evaluation and calculates the similarity of the service with the weighted Euclidean distance. Then, they are com-bined with user context data and the most suitable service is recommended to the user. In addition, we apply the fuzzy cognitive maps-based model to the adaptive policy, which improves the efficiency and performance of the algorithm. Finally, the experi-ment and simulation demonstrate that our approach is effective.     

Reconstruction of the Indium Tin Oxide Surface Enhances the Adsorption of High-Density Self-Assembled Monolayer for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used as carrier transport interlayers for enabling high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, achieving uniform and pinhole-free monolayers on metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide, ITO) surfaces is still challenging due to the sensitivity of SAM adsorption to the complex oxide's surface chemistry. Here, the hydrofluoric acid and the subsequent UV–ozone treatment are employed to reconstruct the ITO surface by selectively removing the undesired terminal hydroxyl and hydrolysis product. This can significantly increase the ITO surface activity and area, thus facilitating the adsorption of high-density SAMs. The resultant fluorinated surface can also prevent the direct contact of ITO with the perovskite active layer and passivate the perovskite bottom interface. Benefiting from the synergistically improved perovskite film formation, charge extraction, energy level alignment, and interfacial chemical stability, the corresponding PSC achieves a greatly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 21.3%, along with an enhanced long-term stability as compared to the control counterpart. Furthermore, a semitransparent PSC with a certified efficiency of 19.0% (with a record fill factor of 84.1%) and a four-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem with an efficiency of 28.4% are also demonstrated.     

Incorporating Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) Quantum Dots into Bulk‐Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Leads to Efficiency Enhancement

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) has been commonly used as photocatalyst with promising applications in visible‐light photocatalytic water‐splitting. Rare studies are reported in applying g‐C₃N₄ in polymer solar cells. Here g‐C₃N₄ is applied in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) for the first time by doping solution‐processable g‐C₃N₄ quantum dots (C₃N₄ QDs) in the active layer, leading to a dramatic efficiency enhancement. Upon C₃N₄ QDs doping, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the inverted BHJ‐PSC devices based on different active layers including poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC₆₁BM), poly(4,8‐bis‐alkyloxybenzo(l,2‐b:4,5‐b′)dithiophene‐2,6‐diylalt‐(alkyl thieno(3,4‐b)thiophene‐2‐carboxylate)‐2,6‐diyl):[6,6]‐phenyl C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT‐C:PC₇₁BM), and poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐co‐3‐fluorothieno [3,4‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxylate] (PTB7‐Th):PC₇₁BM reach 4.23%, 6.36%, and 9.18%, which are enhanced by ≈17.5%, 11.6%, and 11.8%, respectively, compared to that of the reference (undoped) devices. The PCE enhancement of the C₃N₄ QDs doped BHJ‐PSC device is found to be primarily attributed to the increase of short‐circuit current (J_sc), and this is confirmed by external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. The effects of C₃N₄ QDs on the surface morphology, optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the active layer film as well as the charge transport property of the device are investigated, revealing that the efficiency enhancement of the BHJ‐PSC devices upon C₃N₄ QDs doping is due to the conjunct effects including the improved interfacial contact between the active layer and the hole transport layer due to the increase of the roughness of the active layer film, the facilitated photoinduced electron transfer from the conducting polymer donor to fullerene acceptor, the improved conductivity of the active layer, and the improved charge (hole and electron) transport.     

一种高性能红外探测器模拟器的研制

为解决红外探测器数据采集系统的测试问题,基于红外探测器件本身的工作特点,研制出了能够模拟红外探测器输出信号的模拟装置。该装置不仅能模拟各种阵列规模的红外探测器,输出准确的量化图像数据,而且能为数据采集系统提供所需的帧、行、像元及相关双采样同步触发信号。利用模拟装置输出的量化图像数据实现了红外探测器数据采集系统的定性检查和定量校准,为红外探测器数据采集系统的高效准确测量提供了有价值的参考。     

带有消息投递概率估计的机会网络自适应缓存管理策略

高效的缓存管理策略能够有效提高机会网络中节点的缓存资源利用率。消息的投递概率直接决定了消息的转发与存储必要性,该文提出一种带有消息投递概率估计的自适应缓存管理策略,通过构建节点连接状态分析模型,以分布式的方式感知节点服务能力,从而估计消息的投递概率,进而确定消息的转发与删除优先级,以执行缓存管理相关操作。结果表明,所提出的缓存管理策略可降低网络负载57%,并有效提高消息的成功投递率,降低消息的平均投递时延。     

Inter-layer correlation considered R-D models and Lagrange multiplier for SVC MGS coding

Traditional rate-distortion (R-D) model-based Lagrange multiplier \(\lambda \) that is employed by H.264/SVC does not consider the inter-layer correlation. This paper presents new R-D models and \(\lambda \) which exploits inter-layer correlation for coding modes that perform residual prediction in H.264/SVC medium-grain quality scalability (MGS) coding. We have observed that in MGS coding, the prediction error of modes performing residual prediction is approximately equal to the reconstruction error of the corresponding macroblock in the reference layer. Based on that observation, we investigate the distribution \(f_r \) of transformed residual prediction error signals and prove that \(f_r \) is related to the quantization step of the corresponding macroblock in the reference layer. In such a case, both the conventional \(\lambda \) and the R-D models in the literature that are derived independently of inter layers are not much fit for residual prediction modes any more. Thus, we build more appropriate R-D models depending on the derived distribution and develop a new \(\lambda \) from the R-D models. Experimental results show that when residual prediction is enabled, the proposed scheme by using the new Lagrange multiplier achieves an average PSNR gain of 0.47 dB and up to more than 1 dB over the scheme using the conventional Lagrange multiplier.     

A new simplified two-dimensional model for the threshold voltage ofMOSFET's with nonuniformly doped substrate

A new simplified two-dimensional model for the threshold voltage of MOSFETs is derived in terms of simple characteristic functions. These characteristic functions are transformed from the exact series solution of the two-dimensional Poisson's equation, in which the effects of a nonuniformly doped substrate and a finite graded source-drain junction depth are included. In this model, charge-screening effects are proposed to account for the weak dependence of the threshold voltage on the substrate bias for short-channel MOSFETs, and exact source and drain boundary potentials can be approximated by their equivalent power functions. The accuracy of the simplified 2-D model is verified by 2-D numerical analysis. Moreover, comparisons between the simplified 2-D model and the experimental results are made, and good agreement is obtained for wide ranges of channel lengths, applied substrate, and drain biases     

Tunable monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked quantum-well lasers

The tunabilities of both the wavelength and the pulse-width of monolithic mode-locked semiconductor lasers are demonstrated. Pulses shorter than 1.6 ps, tunable over 8.8 mu m, have been generated by a temperature-tuned monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) quantum-well laser. For a fixed wavelength, the pulse-width is independently controlled from 1.2 ps to longer than 3 ps by external bandpass filters. Near transform-limited time-bandwidth products of 0.34 were maintained throughout the tuning processes.<>     

The measurement of penetration depth and surface resistance of bulk YBCO superconductor by using microstrip resonator method

We have measured the resonance curves of a high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and done same thing to a copper microstrip resonator with the same width and length as high Tc superconducting microstrip resonator. These four curves have been compared with each other. After that we obtained the penetration depth and surface resistance of high Tc superconductor at liquid nitrogen temperature. The microstrip resonator method has the advantage of simple. The results agree with theoretical prediction and other papers quite well.