具有测量扭转方位的滑坡深部位移监测仪器研制

探索研发为滑坡地质灾害预警监测所需用的一种具有测量扭转方位的滑坡深部位移监测仪器,采用具有测量扭转方位、深部位移的传感器和数据采集,对滑坡体滑动全过程进行跟踪监测,研究滑坡体在突发性滑动前后扭转方位、深部位移的变化过程和规律。研究自动监测和无线上网技术,实现对滑坡体滑动扭转方位、深部位移变化情况的全程实时监测,解决以往不能对滑坡体滑动扭转方位、深部位移全程实时监测的问题,推动滑坡地质灾害监测技术进步。     

电网变电运维检修技术研究

介绍了目前国网电力系统的维护管理方法以及利用SCADA数据提高设备维护效率的方法。国网电力系统在SCADA数据的标准化建设方面投入了大量精力,使用SCADA数据进行分析,推动了电力标准化的需求。对电气开关设备、变压器寿命、运行中的设备和分接开关的运行进行了分析。分析了断路器和隔离开关在不同运行条件下的开关操作次数。据此得出,电气预防性维护应根据正常操作中的开关次数进行,对经常中断故障电流的断路器进行预防性维护。SCADA数据可用于设备的监测,从而为管理人员提供有价值的信息,并对电气设施的检修管理进行了分析。     

振动设备中振动轴转子系统及其振动传动研究

建立振动轴-转子系统振动微分方程,分析讨论系统中轴与转子的耦合效应。研究系统转子的稳定运动状态与各个运动参数的关系,阐明振动轴-转子系统的振动耦合,从理论上分析了转子的振动旋转与"失步"现象。结合理论分析与数值计算结果,为相关设备的设计提供理论依据。     

Generation of hydrogen under visible light irradiation with enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6/Cu1.8Se for organic pollutants under Vis‐NIR light reign

To make better use of solar light, a new Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se photocatalyst active to visible and near‐infrared light has been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The composites were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescene (PL). The photocatalytic activities of Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se are evaluated by degrading Congo red solution and hydrogen generation from water. It was found that the molar percentage of Cu_1.8Se had great effects on the morphology and photocatalytic property of the Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se heterojunctions, and the composite with suitable molar amount of Cu_1.8Se exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic activity for Congo red degradation under visible and near‐infrared light irradiation and for hydrogen generation under visible light compared to Bi₂WO₆. The significant improvement photocatalytic activity of the composite could be attributed to its good light absorption, suitable band gap structure, and effective separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs of Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se heterojunction. This work presents an efficient multifunction photocatalyst owning the activity both for water splitting under visible light and for organic contaminants decomposition under visible‐near‐infrared light.     

氮原子在钨低指数表面上的吸附和振动

应用原子和表面簇合物相互作用的5参数Morse势法(5-MP)对N-W低指数表面体系进行了研究,并获得了全部临界点特性以及3个面的势能面.计算结果表明:在低覆盖度下,N原子优先吸附在W(100)面的四重洞位H,获得62 meV的垂直振动频率;在W(110)面上只存在三重洞位H3的稳定吸附态,垂直振动频率为43 meV;在W(111)面上最稳定的吸附位为赝式三重位H3,垂直振动频率为79 meV.     

1-苯并噻唑基-3,5-二苯基吡唑啉衍生物的合成与荧光性

设计和合成了7个新型苯并噻唑基-吡唑啉类化合物，通过元素分析和红外光谱检测，确定了化合物的结构，荧光检测结果表明它们的荧光强度为36．1-69.2，荧光强度的大小与衍生物中的取代基有关，溴和甲氧基取代衍生物具有较高的荧光性。     

离心压气机弯管进口畸变非定常特性

采用数值模拟计算的方法研究了90°弯管对涡轮增压器装配的离心压气机进口流场产生的畸变,比较了两种不同轴向位置弯管所致的进口畸变对压气机性能的影响,并对压气机内部的三维非定常流动进行了频域分析.结果表明,弯管畸变对离心压气机性能的恶化程度与弯管所在位置有关,距离叶轮进口较远的弯管影响较大.畸变引起压气机性能在大流量时有明显降低,在小流量时性能恶化程度较小.弯管畸变导致叶轮进口前的压力脉动增强,大流量时改变了叶轮流道上游和叶顶间隙内的压力频谱结构,显著提高了转子基频的扰动强度.同时畸变也造成了叶片振动和蜗壳舌部噪声的恶化,在小流量工况下的作用更加明显.     

生物质水蒸气气化利用过程数学模型的建立

分析了甘蔗渣的水蒸气气化过程,基于气化过程的物料平衡和化学平衡关系,建立了一种生物质气化过程的数学模型。用该模型模拟计算甘蔗渣在水蒸气氛围下气化后的气体成分,计算结果与试验数据基本相符,尤其在温度950℃之后,计算值和测量值更接近。以甘蔗渣和木薯渣为例,研究该气化模型的特性。甘蔗渣和木薯渣水蒸气气化的最佳水蒸气/燃料值(S/B)分别为0.3和0.2。气化气组分和气化效果随温度和S/B变化的结果表明:提高温度有利于气化反应的进行,提高S/B,可以增加气体产率,气体热值有所降低。     

植物纤维纸蜂窝制备的环境影响评价

利用CML环境影响评价方法,研究并比较了植物纤维纸蜂窝和传统芳纶纸蜂窝制备的环境影响。结果表明,针对所涉及的11个环境影响指标,植物纤维纸蜂窝低于芳纶纸蜂窝0.68 %~49.41 %;权重化结果表明,植物纤维纸蜂窝制备环境影响总体低于芳纶纸蜂窝18.77 %;制备芳纶纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于芳纶纸和电能的消耗;制备植物纤维纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于混杂纸和电能的生产。     

Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in Hierarchical Mesoscopic Oxide Composites of Ca3Co4O9 and La0.8Sr0.2CoO3

The natural contradiction in enhancing electrical conductivity and thermopower in thermoelectric oxides makes it hard to improve the performance of a single thermoelectric oxide material. We report a facile method to construct a unique architecture of thermoelectric oxides that is promising to realize a simultaneous improvement of overall electrical conductivity and thermopower. Here, a series of two‐phase nanocomposites comprising of Ca₃Co₄O₉ (CCO) and La_0.8Sr_0.2CoO₃ (LSCO) has been synthesized through ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The electron microscope images reveal that the two constituents form the unique composites while retaining their individual crystalline and morphological identities. Owing to the hierarchical mesoscopic structure with nanoscale particles and submicrometer scale grain boundaries, an external strain is induced into the CCO grains by the LSCO nanoparticles to enhance the thermopower. The mesoscopic structure is also favorable for improving the electrical conductivity. Moreover, the long‐wavelength phonons can be scattered effectively from LSCO nanoparticles and the thermal conductivity is further suppressed. With compromises between power factor and thermal conductivity, the largest ZT achieved is up to 0.41 at 1000 K for the composites with 25 wt% of LSCO.