P2P网络中的局域搜索免疫

针对P2P网络的特性,本文提出了一种局域搜索免疫。实验使用SIS病毒传播模型征BA无标度网络和实际网络中测试了局域搜索免疫策略,结果表明与其它免疫策略相比,该策略可以通过免疫相等或较少的节点来消灭病毒。     

Flocking under hierarchical leadership with a free‐will leader

Recently, a model for flocking was introduced by Cucker and Smale together with a proof of convergence. This proof established unconditional convergence to flocking (i.e., to a common velocity), provided the interaction between agents was strong enough and conditional convergence otherwise. The strength of the interaction is measured by a parameter β, and the critical value at which unconditional convergence stops holding is β = 1 ∕ 2. This model was extended by Shen to allow for a hierarchical leadership structure among the agents, and similar convergence results were proved. But, for discrete time, convergence result was only for the flock with an overall leader moving with a constant velocity. In this note, we establish convergence result for the flock with a free‐will leader. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measurement feedback control for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems

We propose a measurement feedback controller for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems under sensor noise. The sensor noise has unknown magnitude, frequency, and phase. Our proposed controller is coupled with a low‐pass filter in such a way that the sensor noise is attenuated. We show that the controlled system results in bounded states whose ultimate bounds are inversely proportional to the minimum frequency of the sensor noise. Our result is further generalized to work in a case where the sensor noise is only required to have a Fourier transform with finite energy. Moreover, if the sensor noise enters only at partial states, depending on the location of the sensor noise, the ultimate bounds of the particular states can be made arbitrarily small via the gain factor of the controller. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the Accuracy of Packet Delay Estimation in Distributed Service Networks

Packet delay (either one-way time or round-trip time) is a very important metric for measuring the performance of networks in a highly dynamic environment such as the Internet. Many network applications are also sensitive to packet delay or delay variation for ensuring an acceptable level of quality in providing network-based services such as VoIP, multimedia streaming, etc. A very important property of packet delay is that it is very dynamic and therefore should be measured frequently with measurement results being updated on a timely basis. Measurement of packet delay has thus generated a great deal of interest in the past years and a lot of research has been performed in the development of measurement architecture as well as specific measurement techniques. However, how to reduce network overhead resulting from measurement while achieving a reasonable level of accuracy still remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose to use delay estimation as an alternative to delay measurement for reducing measurement overhead and, in particular, examine the level of accuracy that delay estimation can achieve. With delay estimation, measurement nodes can be dynamically selected and activated and other nodes can share measurement results by performing delay estimation, thus reducing measurement overhead while supporting the dynamic requirement for delay measurement. Consequently, while measurement overhead can be reduced by activating only a subset of network nodes to perform actual measurement, desired accuracy can be achieved by exploring the correlation between delays as well as by sharing measurement results to do delay estimation based on such a correlation. We illustrate how packet delays of network nodes can correlate to each other based on topological properties and show how delays can be estimated based on such a correlation to meet accuracy requirements, which would make delay measurement in the Internet highly dynamic and adaptable to the accuracy requirements and measurement results highly reliable. We also show how delay estimation can be applied by presenting three application scenarios as well as an example to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of delay estimation in the measurement of packet delays.     

Bare finger 3D air‐touch system with embedded multiwavelength optical sensor arrays for mobile 3D displays

A camera‐free 3D air‐touch system was proposed. Hovering, air swiping, and 3D gestures for further interaction with the floated 3D images on the mobile display were demonstrated. By embedding multiwavelength optical sensors into the display pixels and adding angular‐scanning illuminators with multiwavelength on the edge of the display, the flat panel can sense images reflected by a bare finger from different heights. In addition, three axis (x, y, z) information of the reflected image of the fingertip can be calculated. Finally, the proposed 3D air‐touch system was successfully demonstrated on a 4‐inch mobile 3D display.     

A study of optimal viewing distance in a parallax barrier 3D display

The optimal viewing distance was proposed as a parameter for designing a parallax barrier 3D display. It can be designed based on simple geometric method and by considering the pitches of image display pixels and parallax barrier, or even including the aperture ratios of the image display pixels and parallax barrier. It can be analyzed by using ray tracing method. By considering the optical refraction index of the cover glass, the angular behavior of the system becomes more realistic; however, the geometric method is difficult to be used. We propose a revised method for estimating the view distance and angular behavior. In this paper, we have demonstrated a designated eye position (DEP) for each view and shown that multiple DEPs make a circular curve around the center of the display. We prove the new concept by comparing the optical ray tracing calculations and optical measurement.     

A hierarchical dense deformable model for 3D face reconstruction from skull

3D face reconstruction from skull has been investigated deeply by computer scientists in the past two decades because it is important for identification. The dominant methods construct 3D face from the soft tissue thickness measured at a set of landmarks on skull. The quantity and position of the landmarks are very vital for 3D face reconstruction, but there is no uniform standard for the selection of the landmarks. Additionally, the acquirement of the landmarks on skull is difficult without manual assistance. In this paper, an automatic 3D face reconstruction method based on a hierarchical dense deformable model is proposed. To construct the model, the skull and face samples are acquired by CT scanner and represented as dense triangle mesh. Then a non-rigid dense mesh registration algorithm is presented to align all the samples in point-to-point correspondence. Based on the aligned samples, a global deformable model is constructed, and three local models are constructed from the segmented patches of the eye, nose and mouth. For a given skull, the globe and local deformable models are iteratively matched with it, and the reconstructed facial surface is obtained by fusing the globe and local reconstruction results. To validate the presented method, a measurement in the coefficient domain of a face deformable model is defined. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has good performance for 3D face reconstruction from skull.     

Parametric modeling of microwave passive components using combined neural networks and transfer functions in the time and frequency

A novel parametric modeling technique is proposed to develop combined neural network and transfer function models for both time and frequency (TF) domain applications of passive components, where the neural network is trained to map geometrical variables to the coefficients of transfer functions. Built on our previous work, a new order‐changing module is developed to enforce stability of transfer functions and simultaneously guarantee continuity of coefficients. A constrained optimization strategy is introduced to enforce passivity of transfer functions through a neural network training process. A general equivalent circuit for two‐port passive components is generated directly from coefficients of arbitrary‐order transfer functions. Once trained, the parametric model can provide accurate and fast prediction of the electromagnetic behavior of passive components with geometrical parameters as variables. Compared to our previous work, the proposed method enables models to work well in the time domain providing good accuracy in challenging modeling applications. Two parametric modeling examples of spiral inductors and interdigital capacitors, and their application in both time and frequency domain simulations of a power amplifier are examined to demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2013.     

Novel slotted stepped‐impedance resonator and its application to compact and high performance bandpass filter and diplexer design

By etching slots in the low‐impedance section of the conventional stepped‐impedance resonator, a novel slotted stepped‐impedance resonator (SSIR) is proposed. As two examples, a fourth‐order bandpass filter (BPF) operating at 1 GHz with a size of 0.078 λ_g × 0.062 λ_g and a miniaturized diplexer operating at 0.9/1.57 GHz with a size of 0.054 λ₀ × 0.086 λ₀ are designed based on the proposed SSIR. The fabricated BPF exhibits a high selectivity and a wide ?30 dB rejection upper stopband from 1.13 f₀ to 6.52 f₀, while the fabricated diplexer has up to ?60 dB output isolation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2013.