A Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Drive for HTS Maglev Transportation Systems

A permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） for a high temperature superconducting （HTS） maglev system has been studied, including the motor structure, control strategy, and analysis techniques. Finite element analysis （FEA） of magnetic field is conducted to accurately calculate major motor parameters. Equivalent electrical circuit is used to predict the drive＇s steady-state characteristics, and a phase variable model is applied to predict the dynamic performance. Preliminary experiment with a prototype has been made to verify the theoretical analysis and the HTS-PM synchronous driving technology.     

谐波参数测试方法探讨

提出了一种采用测量接收机测试射频信号源谐波参数的方法,并对该方法的特点、应用范围进行了分析,进而实现了该方法的自动化测试,解决了在没有频谱分析仪的情况下测试射频信号源谐波参数的问题。     

基于全息技术的激光透射塑料焊接研究

介绍了激光透射塑料焊接及全息技术的基本原理,提出了一种基于全息原理的激光同步焊接技术。为了达到塑料微小焊缝的同步焊接,采用干涉方法记录下预知焊缝特征形状,再利用衍射方法使得焊缝图形特征再现,同时激光束光斑形状被调制为与预知焊缝形状相同。利用调制完成后的激光束对塑料进行同步焊接,得到理想焊缝与预知焊缝形状相同的结果。结果表明,此项技术适用于焊缝图形小且复杂的场合。     

红外图像的自适应混合双边滤波算法

针对红外图像中的混合噪声,提出了一种自适应混合双边滤波算法。首先对双边滤波原理进行了分析,提出不能滤除强高斯噪声和脉冲噪声是由于双边滤波引入灰度域权值而带来的固有不足,因此根据双边滤波算法的特点设置了一种像素间的相似度,并以该相似度为基础将双边滤波不能滤除的强噪声点进行了标记,仅对红外图像中标记出的强噪声点进行中值滤波以减少图像模糊,对普通噪声点采用灰度方差自适应双边滤波以保留更多边缘特征。自适应混合双边滤波能够有效滤除红外图像中的高斯噪声、脉冲噪声以及由其组成的混合噪声,同时在滤波过程中并不降低双边滤波保留红外图像边缘特征的性能。仿真实验结果表明,与传统双边滤波、改进的双边滤波以及各项异性扩散-中值滤波算法相比,该算法无论是滤除红外图像的混合噪声还是保留边缘特征都较为优越。     

同轴数字全息相位恢复算法采样距离优化研究

相位恢复算法被广泛应用于去除同轴数字全息共轭像。其中,多采样距离相位恢复算法相比于基于单幅全息图的相位恢复算法,尤其是在两幅全息图的重建算法中,重建精度更高且收敛速度更快。针对采样距离和采样间隔对再现物光波前的精度的影响,通过记录不同采样距离的多幅数字全息图,进行相位恢复。通过分析比较再现相位像的标准化均方根误差,得到优化算法的最佳采样距离和采样间隔。结果表明,采样距离在130～160mm范围内时误差较小,采样距离为150mm、采样间隔为2mm时误差最小,仅0.0096。     

Oxygen Surface Exchange at Grain Boundaries of Oxide Ion Conductors

The role of grain boundaries on oxygen surface exchange in an oxide ion conductor is reported. Atomic‐scale characterization of the microstructure and chemical composition near the grain boundaries of gadolinia‐doped ceria (GDC) thin films show the segregation of dopants and oxygen vacancies along the grain boundaries using the energy dispersive spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM‐EDS). Kelvin probe microscopy is employed to verify the charge distribution near grain boundaries and shows that the grain boundary is positively charged, indicating a high concentration of oxygen vacancies. AC impedance spectroscopy on polycrystalline GDC membranes with thin interfacial layers with different grain boundary densities at the cathodes demonstrated that the cells with higher grain boundary density result in lower electrode impedance and higher exchange current density. These experimental evidences clearly show that grain boundaries on the surface provide preferential reaction sites for facilitated oxygen incorporation into the GDC electrolyte.     

Multicomponent Physical Vapor Deposited Films with Homogeneous Molecular Material Distribution Featuring Improved Resist Sensitivity

Each film preparation technique affects the physical properties of the resulting coating and thus defines its applicability in modern device construction. In this context solvent based spin coated and solvent‐free physical vapor deposited molecular glass photoresist films are systematically investigated for their dissolution behavior, sensitivity, and overall lithographic performance. These investigations demonstrate that the solvent‐free physical vapor deposition leads to a marked increase in sensitivity. This could be explained by the individual molecule by molecule deposition step producing a more homogeneous distribution of the multicomponent resist system, especially the photoacid generator. In addition, this assumption is supported by former published simulations focusing on aggregate formation within thin films. This work demonstrates that the lithographic sensitivity of multicomponent resist system is an intrinsic parameter to investigate molecular material distribution and indicates that the applied film preparation technique is crucial for the corresponding performance and applicability.     

Electrically Tunable Nanoporous Carbon Hybrid Actuators

A novel nanoporous carbon/electrolyte hybrid material is reported for use in actuation. The nanoporous carbon matrix provides a 3D network that combines mechanical strength, light weight, and low cost with an extremely high surface area. In contrast to lower dimensional nanomaterials, the nanoporous carbon matrix can be prepared in the form of macroscopic monolithic samples that can be loaded in compression. The hybrid material is formed by infiltrating the free internal pore volume of the carbon with an electrolyte. Actuation is prompted by polarizing the internal interfaces via an applied electric bias. It is found that the strain amplitude is proportional to the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) mass specific surface area, with reversible volume strain amplitudes up to the exceptionally high value of 6.6%. The mass‐specific strain energy density compares favorably to reported values for piezoceramics and for nanoporous metal actuators.     

Layer‐Controlled and Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Uniform and High‐Quality Graphene Films on a Polycrystalline Nickel Catalyst

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provides a synthesis route for large‐area and high‐quality graphene films. However, layer‐controlled synthesis remains a great challenge on polycrystalline metallic films. Here, a facile and viable synthesis of layer‐controlled and high‐quality graphene films on wafer‐scale Ni surface by the sequentially separated steps of gas carburization, hydrogen exposure, and segregation is developed. The layer numbers of graphene films with large domain sizes are controlled precisely at ambient pressure by modulating the simplified CVD process conditions and hydrogen exposure. The hydrogen exposure assisted with a Ni catalyst plays a critical role in promoting the preferential segregation through removing the carbon layers on the Ni surface and reducing carbon content in the Ni. Excellent electrical and transparent conductive performance, with a room‐temperature mobility of ≈3000 cm² V^?1 s^?1 and a sheet resistance as low as ≈100 Ω per square at ≈90% transmittance, of the twisted few‐layer grapheme films grown on the Ni catalyst is demonstrated.     

A cascading failure model for interdomain routing system

There have been many researches on border gateway protocol (BGP) security, most of which mainly focused on how to enhance the security of the BGP protocol or the interdomain routing system. However, few works studied the vulnerabilities especially the production mechanism of security events in the interdomain routing system. It takes many obstacles to understand and improve the security of the interdomain routing system. This paper explores the cascading failure phenomenon of the interdomain routing system. First, we devise a state machine to describe the state transition of BGP nodes and then give a detailed analysis of the BGP failure. Second, on the basis of the preferential attachment characteristic, we propose a cascading failure model for the interdomain routing system, which depicts the production mechanism of cascading failure, and introduce two evaluating indicators, the proportion of failed nodes and the proportion of failed links, to assess the scale of cascading failure. Furthermore, we apply the cascading failure model to display two different cascading failure scenes. The experimental results show that random failure has less influence on the interdomain routing system, while its robustness against hostile attack is weak. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.