一株产己酸乙酯香酯液的生产菌株的鉴定及其生理生化特性研究

从贵州某知名白酒企业浓香大曲中分离筛选得到1株产己酸乙酯的菌株IS518。根据其形态特征、培养特征、18S rDNA分子克隆测定及系统发育分析,鉴定菌株IS518为红曲属的紫色红曲霉（Monascus purpureus）。对该菌株进行生理生化试验测定,结果表明,IS518菌株己酸乙酯酯化力较高,在实验室条件下可达62.79 mg/g。     

Effects of explosion puffing on the nutritional composition and digestibility of grains

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of explosion puffing on the nutritional composition, physical properties, and digestibility of grains including millet, barley, black rice, rice, glutinous rice, and wheat. Explosion puffing of grains resulted in the nutritional composition with higher total sugar content and lower moisture, starch and fat contents. Although the protein content scarcely changed comparing with the untreated grains, the solubility declined significantly. Moreover, explosion puffing could significantly improve the physical properties including the water absorption index, water solubility index and gelatinization degree. The in vitro digestion experiment was employed to investigate the influences of explosion puffing on the starch hydrolysis rate and free amino acid content, and it was indicated that the digestibility of the starch and protein in grains was highly improved. The results demonstrated that explosion puffing is a suitable technique to improve the physical properties and digestibility of grains, which provided the theoretic foundation for the use of explosion puffing technology in coarse cereal processing.     

Validation of a headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure with gas chromatography-electron capture detection of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was evaluated for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The fibre used was coated with polydimethylsiloxane (100 μm thickness) and the analytical conditions employed have been developed and optimised in a previous work [Chai, M. K., Tan, G. H., & Asha, L. (2008). Optimisation of headspace solid-phase microextraction for the determination of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. Analytical Sciences, 24 (2), 273–276]. The results show that the HS-SPME procedure gave a better linear range, accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits and is adequate for analysing pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. The average recoveries obtained for each pesticide ranged between 71% and 98% at three fortification levels with the relative standard deviation of less than 5%. Repeatability (0.3–3.7%) and intermediate precision (0.8–2.5%) were shown to be satisfactory. The limits of detection (0.01–1 μg L⁻¹) and the limits of quantification (0.05–5 μg L⁻¹) of these pesticides were much lower than the maximum residue levels (MRL), allowed for fruits and vegetables in Malaysia.     

One-stage photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization – Reaction parameters for achieving high particle size uniformity

One-stage photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization (PRDP) has been studied. It was found that the structure of the RAFT agent has a strong influence on the particle morphology. Carboxyl-functionalized trithiocarbonates, including S,S′-bis(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (BDMAT), S-1-dodecyl-S′-(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (DDMAT), S-1-ethyl-S′-(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid) trithiocarbonate (EDMAT), were found to be suitable RAFT agents for preparing highly monodisperse microspheres. GPC traces suggested that the polymerization does not follow the typical controlled/living process due to the low RAFT agent concentration in comparison with photoinitiator concentration. Particle size and uniformity changed very little with a wide range of concentrations of the stabilizer and photoinitiator. Highly monodisperse microspheres were obtained even at low stabilizer concentration (5 wt% PVP). Increasing the monomer concentration led to an increase in particle diameter with an exponent of 0.63, which is similar in scale to conventional dispersion polymerization. The microspheres were monodisperse at monomer concentrations ranging from 5 to 15 wt%.     

泡沫陶瓷的制备及泡沫体形成机制研究

本文采用发泡法制备泡沫陶瓷材料,并对发泡过程中泡沫体膨胀的演变过程及动力学机制进行了研究。由获得的泡沫体膨胀体积与发泡时间的关系曲线看出：泡沫体体积膨胀经历3个阶段：发泡初期的泡沫陶瓷体积缓慢增大后迅速膨胀达至最大膨胀点,随后开始塌缩,最后体积保持在一定数值。对发泡过程动力学机制的分析表明,泡沫体膨胀过程与发泡剂分解产生的气体量和泡沫陶瓷排出气体的量有直接关系,由此推导出泡沫体体积-时间的动力学方程,为发泡过程的控制提供理论依据。     

发酵豆制品潜在风险因子分析

采集了59份重庆生产酱油、豆豉、腐乳和豆瓣酱4大类发酵豆制品,检测其理化指标和可能存在的6种风险因子,包括蛋白质降解物挥发性盐基氮、硫化氢和生物胺、防腐剂苯甲酸和丙酸及微生物代谢毒素黄曲霉毒素。结果表明,各类样品的pH值及总酸含量均在正常范围;腐乳及包装酱油样品所含氨基酸态氮含量均满足国家标准;各类生物胺普遍存在于发酵豆制品中,不同类型的样品中所含生物胺的种类和含量不同,主要含有酪胺和腐胺。腐乳中生物胺总量最高;挥发性盐基氮的含量较高,可能对样品安全性有影响;硫化氢含量较少,暂不影响食品的可食性;总黄曲霉毒素的含量均未超过国家限量标准,安全性良好。苯甲酸和丙酸普遍存在于各类发酵豆制品中,个别样品中苯甲酸和丙酸含量远高于国家的限量标准,问题较为突出。有必要追踪发酵豆制品加工及贮藏过程中风险因子的变化及产生规律,提出有效的质量安全控制措施。     

植物精油防控果蔬采后病害的应用探究

我国是世界果蔬产销大国之一。果品蔬菜在满足人们需求的同时,也面临着严峻的贮藏问题。作为一种天然植物源保鲜剂,精油类果蔬防腐保鲜剂的研发与应用广受关注。植物精油多提取于香辛料及中草药植物的花、叶、茎、根或果实,具有显著的抑菌效果,因而被广泛用于果蔬采后病害的防控。目前,精油及其抑菌成分在国内果蔬采后贮藏的应用研究已取得了一定的成效,但较之国外的研究还相对落后。该文依据国外内最新的研究动态,通过综述精油的植物源种类、应用现状趋势的最新研究进展,以期为果蔬采后病原微生物的抑杀和生理性病害的防控提供理论基础和实践参考。     

利用韦氏分析预测刀豆货架寿命并确定感官评分标准切分点

实验中刀豆通过韦氏分析,获得不同温度下(0、5、20、25℃)的货架寿命终点,并由感官评定线性回归方程计算得感官评定标准中切分点的交集区间为(4.70,4.90),为感官评定切分点以及货架寿命终点判断提供了理论依据。实验研究也表明,在设定切分点为4.80情况下,温度与货架寿命的对数呈现非常好的相关性(R2=0.997)。     

酶法提取巴马火腿中的风味前体物质

利用复合酶Protamex和Flavourzyme,对巴马火腿中的水不溶物进行酶解,生成小肽;并与巴马火腿的天然滋味进行比较,试图得到与天然滋味相似小肽的酶解工艺.通过单因素及响应面实验,研究了温度、初始pH与加酶量对水解液粗肽含量及感官品质的影响.实验得到的最佳酶解条件为:温度60℃、初始pH7.45、同时加入两种酶,且两酶的添加量分别为Protamex 2.34%、Flavourzyme 4.17%.此时粗肽含量为77.12%,感官评定的平均分值为8.00.     

EGCG甲基化衍生物的清除DPPH自由基活性和总抗氧化活性

采用制备色谱技术,通过甲基化技术得到的甲基化儿茶素粗品中,分离纯化出3个甲基化表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的单体,结合LC/MS和NMR等分别确定为4',4″-di-Me-EGCG、4',3″,4″-tri-Me-EGCG以及4',3″,4″,5″-tetra-Me-EGCG;进一步比较了这3个EGCG甲基衍生物单体与98%EGCG在清除DPPH自由基活性和总抗氧化活性等方面的差异。结果表明:EGCG甲基化后清除DPPH自由基活性和总抗氧化活性都有明显的降低,总体上分别只有98%EGCG的68.17%和6.84%。