基于涡状搅拌针的2024-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦扩散焊接头成形与断裂载荷

以2024-T4铝合金为对象进行了搅拌摩擦扩散焊试验,首次提出并使用涡状搅拌针,且对比分析了涡状搅拌针数量对横截面形貌、材料流动行为与力学性能的影响. 结果表明,涡状搅拌针作用下的搭接界面未出现明显的弯曲现象,增加涡状针的数量有利于增加焊核区底部的宽度. 当采用4个涡状结构的搅拌针时,发生拉伸断裂模式的搭接接头有效连接宽度与断裂载荷均大于具有6个涡状结构的搅拌针,其值分别为11.74 mm及17 531.83 N.     

“柠檬烯提取”教学实验的改进

选取提取柠檬烯的最佳原料、改进微型实验装置及提取方法。选择皇帝柑皮为原料,采用超声辅助提取新技术,并进一步结合微型简易水蒸气蒸馏实验装置提取柠檬烯。该方法不仅试样用量少、提取率高、实验效果明显、装置简单、易于操作、缩短了实验时间;而且使学生实践了超声辅助提取的新技术,渗透了微型化学实验的新理念,提高了学生实验的积极性,主动性。"柠檬烯提取"实验的改进方法值得在有机实验教学中推广。     

Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst for CH4 reforming with CO2

A co-precipitation method was employed to prepare Ni/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂, Co/Al₂ O₃-ZrO₂ and Ni-Co/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ catalysts. Their properties were characterized by N₂ adsorption (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption (CO₂-TPD), and temperature-programmed surface reaction (CH₄-TPSR and CO₂-TPSR). Ni-Co/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ bimetallic catalyst has good performance in the reduction of active components Ni, Co and CO₂ adsorption. Compared with mono-metallic catalyst, bimetallic catalyst could provide more active sites and CO₂ adsorption sites (C + CO₂ = 2CO) for the methane-reforming reaction, and a more appropriate force formed between active components and composite support (SMSI) for the catalytic reaction. According to the CH₄-CO₂-TPSR, there were 80.9% and 81.5% higher CH₄ and CO₂ conversion over Ni-Co/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ catalyst, and its better resistance to carbon deposition, less than 0.5% of coke after 4 h reaction, was found by TGA. The high activity and excellent anti-coking of the Ni-Co/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ catalyst were closely related to the synergy between Ni and Co active metal, the strong metal-support interaction and the use of composite support.     

成形压力对SiCp/2024铝基复合材料性能的影响

采用直热法粉末触变成形工艺制备了SiCp体积分数为60%的SiCp/2024铝基复合材料,研究了成形压力对其孔隙率、抗弯强度、热膨胀系数的影响。结果表明,成形压力过大不利于提高复合材料的密度;成形压力为60 MPa时,复合材料的抗弯强度最大,为289.33MPa;随着成形压力增加,复合材料的热膨胀系数先增加后减小。在成形压力为60 MPa时,复合材料在200℃的热膨胀系数最小,为6.687×10^-6 K^-1。     

Facile preparation of high-capacity hydrogen storage metal-organic frameworks: A combination of microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis and supercritical activation

The Cu₃(BTC)₂ Metal—oragnic frameworks (MOFs) are synthesized by four different processes, i.e. solvothermal method (sample 1), microwave-assisted solvothermal method (sample 2), a combination of solvothermal method and supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO₂) activation (sample 3) and a combination of microwave-assisted solvothermal method and Sc-CO₂ activation (sample 4). By comparing the N₂ adsorption isotherms of the four samples, it is found that the sample 4 displays the greatest N₂ uptake. Due to the best performance of sample 4 in N₂ adsorption, we further study H₂ adsorption in the sample 4. Results indicate that the excess and absolute hydrogen uptakes of this material reach 4.12 and 4.49 wt% at T=77 K and P=18 bar, respectively, which is the largest one among all these reports on Cu₃(BTC)₂ for H₂ storage at the same condition. Therefore, it is believed that a combination of the two technologies of microwave-assisted method and supercritical Sc-CO₂ activation provides a new approach for chemical engineers rapidly and efficiently preparing MOFs for high-capacity H₂ storage.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of polyaniline-based carbon nanotubes as electrode material for supercapacitor

Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with open end and low specific surface area were prepared via the carbonization of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes synthesized by a rapidly mixed reaction. On the basis of analyzing the morphologies and structures of the original and carbonized PANI nanotubes, the electrochemical properties of PANI-based CNTs obtained at different temperatures as electrode materials for supercapacitors using 30 wt.% aqueous solution of KOH as electrolyte were investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the carbonized PANI nanotubes at 700 °C exhibit high specific capacitance of 163 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹ and excellent rate capability in KOH solution. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement the nitrogen state and content in PANI-CNTs were analysed, which could play important roles for the enhancement of electrochemical performance. When the appropriate content of nitrogen is present, the presence of pyrrole or pyridone and quaternary nitrogen is beneficial for the improvement of electron mobility and the wettability of electrode.     

NanoSIMS: Insights into the Organization of the Proteinaceous Scaffold within Hexactinellid Sponge Spicules

The giant basal spicules (GBS) from Monorhaphis chuni (Porifera [sponges], Hexactinellida) represent the largest biosilica structures on Earth and can reach lengths of 300 cm (diameter of 1.1 cm). The amorphous silica of the inorganic matrix is formed enzymatically by silicatein. During this process, the enzyme remains trapped inside the lamellar‐organized spicules. In order to localize the organic silicatein scaffold, the inside of a lamella has been analyzed by nano‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). It is shown that the GBSs are composed of around 245 concentrically arranged individual siliceous lamellae. These surround an internal siliceous axial cylinder. The lamellae adjacent to the cylinder are thicker (10–30 μm) than the more peripheral lamellae (2–10 μm). One lamella of a thickness of 18 μm has been selected for further analysis. This lamella itself is composed of three sublamellae with an individual thickness of 2–6 μm each, which are then further organized into three cylindrical slats (thickness: 1.6–1.8 μm). Other than the main lamellae, the sublamellae are not separated from each other by gaps. The element analysis of the sublamellae by NanoSIMS revealed that the siliceous matrix is embedded in an organic matrix that consists of up to 6–10 wt/% of C. The pattern of C distribution reflects a distinct zonation of the organic material within the solid intralamellar biosiliceous material. A growth model for the lamella starting from nanosized silica particles is proposed: During formation of a lamella nanosized silica particles fuse, through biosintering processes, to slats that build the individual sublamellae, which then finally form the lamellae. In turn, those lamellae may form the higher structural entity, the axial cylinder.     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> loading on the activity of V/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> in the catalytic oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with carbon dioxide

TiO₂-Al₂O₃ mixed oxides with different compositions ranging from 40wt-% to 95wt-% of TiO₂ were prepared by sol-gel method and impregnated with different amounts of VO _x . Supports and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), physisorption, temperature preprogrammed reduction (H₂-TPR), and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). TiO₂ content in the support had obvious effect on the crystal structure, texture characteristic, acid property, and catalytic activity in dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene (EB) with carbon dioxide. The highest catalytic activity was acquired when the TiO₂ content was 50 wt-%.     

当归多糖对DPN大鼠TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路抑制影响

目的: 分析当归多糖对糖尿病神经病变（DPN）大鼠TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路抑制影响。方法: 选取SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠105只,随机选取15只作为正常组,剩余90只大鼠制备DPN模型,成功造模75只,随机分成5组,模型组、当归多糖低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组,每组15只。模型组和正常组大鼠采用2 mL/100 g生理盐水灌胃,当归多糖低、中、高剂量组大鼠给予当归多糖药液灌胃,阳性对照组给予弥可保+二甲双胍溶液灌胃,每日给药体积均为2 mL/100 g。每天1次,连续灌胃10 d。给药3、10 d后检测大鼠机械缩足反应阈值（PWT）、热缩足反射潜伏期（PWL）,末次给药后检测大鼠空腹血糖、血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、TNF-α及C反应蛋白（CRP）含量,检测大鼠运动神经传导速度（MNCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SNCV）,大鼠坐骨神经内核因子-κB（NF-κB） mRNA、髓样分子因子88（MyD88） mRNA及Toll样受体4（TLR4） mRNA表达。结果: 模型组及当归多糖低剂量组大鼠空腹血糖、MDA含量显著高于正常组,CAT、SOD及GSH-Px含量显著低于正常组,当归多糖中、高剂量组大鼠空腹血糖、MDA含量显著低于模型组、阳性对照组,CAT、SOD及GSH-Px含量显著高于模型组、阳性对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;模型组、当归多糖低剂量组大鼠血清IL-6、MBP、TNF-α及CRP含量均显著高于正常组,当归多糖中、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-6、MBP、TNF-α及CRP含量均显著低于模型组、阳性对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;模型组、当归多糖低剂量组大鼠NF-κB mRNA、MyD88 mRNA及TLR4 mRNA表达量均显著高于正常组,当归多糖中、高剂量组大鼠NF-κB mRNA、MyD88 mRNA及TLR4 mRNA表达量均显著低于模型组、阳性对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论: 当归多糖可显著改善DPN大鼠的周围神经损伤状态,促进神经传导的恢复,其机制可能与阻断TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号路径的转导,降低炎性因子水平,减轻神经的氧化应激损伤有关。     

轴流压缩机叶片失效断裂分析

轴流压缩机在运行过程中叶片发生失效断裂,通过断口显微观察、能谱分析和力学性能测试对叶片断裂原因进行了研究。结果表明:叶片断裂面中存在着一个组织疏松的孔洞缺陷,该孔洞成为裂纹源,裂纹源在交变应力的作用下萌生裂纹并不断扩展,最终导致叶片出现疲劳失效断裂。