Building test cases and oracles to automate the testing of web database applications

Many organizations rely on web applications that use back-end databases to store important data. Testing such applications requires significant effort. Manual testing alone is often impractical, so testers also rely on automated testing techniques. However, current automated testing techniques may produce false positives (or false negatives) even in a perfectly working system because the outcome of a test case depends on the state of the database which changes over time as data is inserted and deleted. The Automatic Database Tester (AutoDBT) generates functional test cases that account for database updates. AutoDBT takes as input a model of the application and a set of testing criteria. The model consists of a state transition diagram that shows how users navigate pages, a data specification that captures how data flows, and an update specification that shows how the database is updated. AutoDBT generates guard queries to determine whether the database is in a state conducive to performing and evaluating tests. AutoDBT also generates partial oracles to help validate whether a back-end database is updated correctly during testing. This paper describes the design of AutoDBT, a prototype implementation, several experiments with the prototype, and four case studies.     

聚丙烯腈—硫氰酸钠水溶液的流变方程

测定了聚丙烯腈 -硫氰酸钠水溶液在不同浓度下的流变性能 ,分别建立了剪切速率、温度、浓度与粘度的关系 ,进一步得到以剪切速率、温度、浓度为自变量的粘度关联式 ,将关联式应用于浓度的计算 ,计算值与实验值误差小于 2 %。     

表面机械研磨处理Mg-Gd-Y合金不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在Mg-Gd-Y合金中获得了梯度组织结构,通过维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜对试样中不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理进行了研究。结果表明,SMAT后合金表面梯度组织可以分为3层:剧烈应变层、中等应变层和无影响层。在225℃时效,不同应变层的时效硬化行为表现出明显差异。出现峰时效的时间由剧烈应变层、中等应变层到无影响层依次延长;而峰时效时的硬度增量则依次增大。这与不同应变层中沉淀相的形态、分布以及与位错等缺陷的相互作用有关。剧烈应变层显示了最短的峰时效时间和最高的峰时效硬度,说明SMAT表面纳米化对促进Mg-Gd-Y合金的时效硬化有显著效果。     

流变铸造AZ91-Sn合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能

研究了不同Sn含量流变铸造AZ91合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能。结果表明：Sn的合金化改变了Al在镁基体中的固溶度,并且显著细化了微观组织。加入0.8%（质量分数,下同）的Sn后,合金平均晶粒尺寸从105.0 μm降至42.1 μm。高熔点的金属间化合物为析出相提供了异质形核点,这些弥散析出的第二相在流变凝固过程中有效地细化了镁基体。弥散分布的第二相抑制了枝晶组织生长,从而进一步提升了合金的力学性能。随着Sn含量的增加,合金磨损率显著降低,磨粒磨损逐渐消失。3.0%Sn合金化的流变铸造AZ91合金具有最高的抗拉伸强度以及最好的耐磨损性能。     

Glass formation in Fe-Cr-Zr-B-Mo alloys by tuning Nb addition

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with high boron content have potential application as a coating material used in the framework for storing spent nuclear fuels to support their safe long-term disposal. The high glass forming ability (GFA) and large supercooled liquid region are therefore required for such Fe-based BMGs in either the glassy powder fabrication or the subsequent coating spraying. In order to meet these requirements, the influence of Nb content on the GFA of Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo_7−xNb_x (x=1–5, at.%) alloys was investigated, as Nb has positive roles in GFA and thermal stability of BMGs. The results indicate that a fully amorphous phase in the as-cast samples with 3 mm in diameter is obtained for both the Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo₅Nb₂ and Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo₄Nb₃ alloys. The corresponding supercooled liquid regions of the two BMGs are 78 K and 71 K, respectively. The mechanism for improving their GFA was analyzed based on the principle of metal solidification, the parameters for glass formation and thermal properties of the alloys. The compression strength and Vicker’s hardness of the two BMGs are 1,950 MPa and 1,310 HV, 2,062 MPa and 1,180 HV, respectively. The developed BMGs with high B content, good GFA, and very high hardness can be used as coating materials to the framework for spent nuclear fuels.

     

45Mn钢件表面电镀霉斑的形成原因分析

针对45Mn钢件表面电镀出现的霉斑现象,分析了钢板的化学成分、原始组织及表面质量。结果表明,钢的化学成分和微观组织未见异常,满足标准要求,但钢板表面粗糙、氧化脱碳严重,形成微裂纹是电镀不合格的主要原因。通过优化生产工艺,提高表面质量,可以避免电镀霉斑的形成。     

退火温度对新能源汽车用含Ce无取向电工钢组织和织构的影响

采用SEM、EBSD和XRD等分析手段研究了退火温度对含Ce新能源无取向电工钢组织及织构的影响。结果表明:800 ℃退火后,试验钢边部和中心部位均能观察到再结晶组织及亚晶组织,α线织构中的{112}<110>取向密度最高,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度较弱,退火板存在少量η织构;830～920 ℃退火后,温度越高,再结晶越充分,α线织构取向密度下降,γ线织构取向密度增加,η织构基本消失;试验钢在950 ℃退火后发生了完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为48.29 μm,γ线织构中的{111}<112>取向密度最高,为11.36。     

终轧温度对443铁素体不锈钢组织、织构及成形性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、EBSD等分析技术,研究了终轧温度对443超纯铁素体不锈钢显微组织、织构、成形性能及抗表面起皱性能的影响规律。结果表明,降低终轧温度有利于促进443钢热轧退火态及冷轧退火态的再结晶,并使冷轧退火态组织更为细小均匀;降低终轧温度可有效强化冷轧退火态的γ纤维织构,是提高r值和杯突值、改善冷轧退火板成形性能、抗表面起皱性能的有效方式。