2,6-二氯-4-甲基烟腈合成的改进

介绍了标题化合物的合成路线的改进。以乙酰乙酸乙酯和氰乙酰胺为原料,经过环合、氯代两步反应得到目标产物,并经MS和1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。本合成路线反应条件温和,操作方便,收率较高,适合工业化生产。反应总收率80.3%。     

Preliminary Study on Chicken Feather Protein–Based Wood Adhesives

Abstract

The objective of this preliminary study was to partially replace phenol in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resin with feather protein. Feather protein–based resins, which contained one part feather protein and two parts phenol, were formulated under the conditions of two feather protein hydrolysis methods (with and without presence of phenol during hydrolysis), two formaldehyde/phenol molar ratios (1.8 and 2.0), and three pH levels (9.5, 10.5, and 11.5). Southern pine fiberboard bonded with feather protein–based resins was fabricated and bending strength, bending stiffness, internal bonding strength, and percent thickness swell were evaluated. Results indicated that the test parameters all significantly affected resin quality. The resin formulated with feather protein hydrolyzed in the presence of phenol, using a F/P ratio of 2.0, and at a pH of 10.5 performed as well as the neat PF resin. Based on our findings, feather protein is a potential cost-effective material for the production of PF-type adhesive resins.     

Functionalization of polymer‐supported pentaerythritol as a general synthesis for the preparation of ion‐binding polymers

Pentaerythritol bonded to cross‐linked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) beads (PE) provides a scaffold onto which ligands can be attached by reaction with reactive compounds such as phosphoryl halides. To broaden the applicability of PE for the preparation of ion‐selective polymers, conditions are reported for the conversion of the hydroxyl group to the bromide, which acts as a better leaving group. The ? CH₂Br moiety thus provides a handle on which an array of ligands can be bound through nucleophilic substitution. In this first in a series of reports, immobilization of diethylamine onto the PE and the ion‐binding affinities of the resulting polymer are described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of poly‐2,5‐dihydroxyaniline/activated carbon composite electrode in organic electrolyte

Poly‐2,5‐dimethoxyaniline coating has been fabricated on active carbon (AC) substrates by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in organic system. The resulted coating is hydrolyzed to produce poly‐2,5‐dihydroxyaniline (PDHA) to enhance the capacitance of the composite electrode. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge test are used to investigate the properties of these electrodes. In organic electrolyte, due to the introduced hydroquinone units, high value of capacitance up to 975 F g^?1 of the PDHA/AC has been obtained at a current density of 0.37 A g^?1 at a potential window of 0–1.5 V. An asymmetric capacitor has been assembled with the PDHA/AC positive and pure AC negative electrodes, which is able to obtain a specific energy as high as 178 Whkg^?1 in the potential range of 0–2.0 V at a current density of 0.93 A g^?1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Incorporating setting information for maintenance‐free quality modeling of batch processes

Typically, the operation condition of the batch process is changed frequently, following different recipes or manufacturing various production grades. For quality prediction purpose, the prediction model should also be updated or rebuilt, which leads to a significant model maintenance effort, especially for those processes which have various phases. To reduce such effort, a maintenance‐free method is proposed in this article, which incorporates the setting information of the batch process for modeling. The whole process variations are separated into two parts: setting information related and other quality related variations. By constructing a relationship between setting variables and other process variables, the data variations explained by the setting information can be efficiently removed. Then, a robust regression model connecting process variables to the quality variable is developed in different phases of the batch process. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through an industrial injection molding process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 772–779, 2013     

Stereo‐PIV experiments and large eddy simulations of flow fields in stirred tanks with Rushton and curved‐Blade turbines

The flow characteristics in pilot‐scale stirred tanks with Rushton and curved‐blade turbines were investigated by using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) methods. The velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the impeller discharge regions were carefully resolved with a high resolution SPIV system, and the detailed phase‐resolved velocity and TKE profiles were used to validate the LES results. The effects of Reynolds number and blade shape on the flow characteristics were discussed. The LES results of velocity, TKE, and the evolution of trailing vortices were compared with the SPIV experimental data, and good agreement was obtained at various phase angles. The effects of subgrid scale model and hybrid grid with different mesh resolutions on the LES results were investigated. LES is a computationally affordable method for the accurate predictions of the complex flow fields in pilot‐scale stirred tanks is presented. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3986–4003, 2013     

Synthesis,properties and self‐assembly of intelligent core‐shell nanoparticles based on chitosan with different molecular weight and N‐isopropylacrylamide

In this study, a series of chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (CTS‐g‐PNIPAAm) copolymers based on different molecular weight (Mw) of CTS and NIPAAm were synthesized through the polymerization of NIPAAm in an acid aqueous solution. The structures were verified by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. The influence of the CTS Mw on the properties of the resulting copolymers and self‐assembled nanoparticles was fully examined. The grafting ratio and grafting efficiency of the copolymers increased with the CTS Mw. All the copolymers have a similar low critical solution temperature of 33.5°C, which was independent of the CTS Mw. Furthermore, the copolymers were less temperature sensitive, when CTS Mw increased to 200 kDa. Besides, once the CTS Mw increased to 700 kDa, the copolymers were less pH sensitive near the tumor site (from pH 7.4 to 6.8). The copolymers could form uniform nanoparticles once the temperature increased to 34°C, which was reversible. After crosslinking by N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), structurally stable nanoparticles could be obtained. The results from Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the MBA crosslinked nanoparticles were uniformly spherical with a loose structure. Surface tension method indicated that the critical aggregate concentrations were 0.045, 0.042, 0.037, and 0.036 mg mL^?1 prepared from CTS 50, 100, 200, and 700 kDa, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

PBS/EVOH共混材料的阻透性能研究

通过对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(PBS/EVOH)共混物的阻透性和力学性能测试,确定PBS/EVOH的最佳配比为90/10。研究了PBS接枝马来酸酐(PBS-g-MAH)用量对材料阻透性和相容性的影响;并通过DMA、SEM和IR对材料的相容性进行了分析。结果表明:PBS-g-MAH的加入,使材料的阻透性和相容性得到改善,力学性能有所提高;与未加相容剂相比,加入7 phr PBS-g-MAH后,阻透性提高了74%,缺口冲击强度提高了68%;SEM分析结果表明,相结构由两相海岛结构变为类层状结构。     

论设计性化学实验与大学生创新能力培养的研究

以"废干电池的综合利用"设计性实验为例,阐明教师采用新的教学模式如何引导学生进行自主实验设计及培养他们的实践创新能力的教学过程。教学实践表明:新的教学模式不仅有利于学生基础知识的掌握,更利于调动学生的主观能动性及培养他们的创新能力。