浅埋双侧偏压小净距隧道衬砌荷载及其参数敏感性分析

为了研究浅埋双侧偏压小净距隧道开挖的破坏模式及衬砌荷载分布规律,通过现场调研和数值模拟的方法对4种典型计算模型进行分析,分别获得了该类型隧道先行洞开挖和双洞开挖后隧道的破坏模式。然后针对该类型隧道的破坏特点,在基本假定的基础上建立了浅埋双侧偏压小净距围岩压力计算的力学模型,并结合公路隧道设计规范中有关成果,推导出能够考虑隧道左、右洞先后施工过程的隧道围岩压力计算理论。此外,通过数值模拟的方法对该类型隧道的围岩压力计算参数进行敏感性分析,获得了各计算参数对该类型隧道围岩压力的敏感性影响规律。     

基于经济安全系数比的隧道穿越超浅埋大偏压段方案优化研究

在黄土高原地区,由于沟壑众多,在隧道选线过程中出现了一种最不利的地形条件,即隧道需穿越超浅埋大偏压地段。为了研究其经济、安全、可靠的穿越方案,提出经济安全系数比的概念及计算原理。对隧道穿越超浅埋大偏压段的方案先进行设计,然后采用有限元强度折减法和相关定额计算出各方案的经济安全系数比,并结合数值模拟方法对3种典型穿越方案下的隧道围岩应力、洞室变形和初期支护应力等进行计算分析。经过综合对比,得出按反压法设计的穿越方案最优。该方案既有利于超浅埋大偏压隧道的整体稳定,又有利于减少工程造价。     

Multiscale SiCnw and carbon fiber reinforced SiOC ceramic with enhanced mechanical and microwave absorption properties

The hierarchical SiOC/SiCnws/CF composites (A/B/C structure) were designed via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process. The SiOC ceramics served as the wave-transparent characteristic materials to adjust the impedance matching. Herein, the in situ growth of SiCnws not only was used for the absorber but served as the reinforcement of SiOC matrix composites. In detail, the SiOC/SiCnws/CF-1200°C-2 exhibits excellent electromagnetic absorption performance with minimum reflection loss of −46 dB at 14.4 GHz with the thickness of 1.6 mm, and its effective absorption band reaches 4.3 GHz. Its compressive strength reaches 8.69 and 16.41 MPa in z and x/y directions, separately. This contribution has a guidance for the application of carbon fiber/ceramics matrix composites in harsh environment.     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶对馒头品质的影响

为了开发新兴的生物来源性馒头专用面粉品质改良剂,文章研究了谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG)对馒头制成品感观指标的影响。将高、低筋小麦粉配成五种比例(w/w),再添加0.25%的TG分别制成馒头,并使用行业标准进行了相应的感官质量评价。结果显示,TG的添加能有效改善成品馒头的比容,内外部结构,使其各项感官指标提高。对于不同配比的小麦粉,成品馒头的总体评分提高了0.04%。高、低筋小麦粉配比系列中,5∶5和4∶6的配比显示出了最佳的成品馒头质量,3∶7和2∶8的效果较好,1∶9的效果相对较差。而且在4∶6,3∶7中添加了0.25%的TG的改善效果甚至比5∶5原粉的效果要好,2∶8也可以达到5∶5原粉的效果。试验证明馒头用面粉中添加TG能够改善品质,降低配粉成本。     

脉冲高度权重技术测量197Au中子俘获截面

脉冲高度权重技术是利用C_6D_6探测器测量中子俘获截面的一种数据处理方法。在中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)的反角白光中子源(Back-n)靶站上,通过测量金靶(~(197)Au)的中子俘获截面,验证了该方法的可靠性。首先利用Geant4蒙特卡罗程序模拟给出了不同靶条件下的探测器效率,脉冲高度权重函数等基本项,使得加权后的探测器效率与γ能量成正比。然后通过实验测量了~(197)Au中子俘获截面。结果表明:测量获得的中子俘获截面数据和ENDF/B-VⅢ.0评价数据相符合,同时发现随着实验靶尺寸的不同和质子束功率的增加,会使得实验本底的扣除误差越来越大。     

膜式水冷壁多焊机群控系统

基于DSP的多焊接电源群控系统被应用于膜式水冷壁焊机中.该系统引入优先级群控策略,多台焊接电源在外部参数发生波动时,按不同优先级的群控策略进行有序调整,减小了调整时间和调整误差.同时,根据焊接区域和焊接过程中管屏温度场分布规律,引入焊接参数实时调整策略,实现多台焊接电源在起弧段、稳弧段和收弧段等不同焊接过程的参数动态调整.结果表明,使用该系统控制焊机中的多台焊接电源,膜式水冷壁管屏焊接变形得到有效控制,焊接质量有较明显的提高.     

Dispersion modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion of biomass and fossil fuels and production of coke in Tianjin, China

A USEPA, procedure, ISCLT3 (Industrial Source Complex Long-Term), was applied to model the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from various sources including coal, petroleum, natural gas, and biomass into the atmosphere of Tianjin, China. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) were calculated for risk assessment. Model results were provisionally validated for concentrations and profiles based on the observed data at two monitoring stations. The dominant emission sources in the area were domestic coal combustion, coke production, and biomass burning. Mainly because of the difference in the emission heights, the contributions of various sources to the average concentrations at receptors differ from proportions emitted. The shares of domestic coal increased from approximately 43% at the sources to 56% at the receptors, while the contributions of coking industry decreased from approximately 23% at the sources to 7% at the receptors. The spatial distributions of gaseous and particulate PAHs were similar, with higher concentrations occurring within urban districts because of domestic coal combustion. With relatively smaller contributions, the other minor sources had limited influences on the overall spatial distribution. The calculated average BaPeq value in air was 2.54 +/- 2.87 ng/m3 on an annual basis. Although only 2.3% of the area in Tianjin exceeded the national standard of 10 ng/m3, 41% of the entire population lives within this area.     

Antimicrobial activity of nobiletin and tangeretin against Pseudomonas

The inhibitory activities of two polymethoxylated flavone (PMFs) monomers (nobiletin and tangeretin) have been investigated against Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosain vitro. The effects on cell morphology, the release of cell constituents, the synthesis of proteins and the activities of key dehydrogenase were examined to elucidate their antibacterial mechanism. The concentration of transaminase and reducing sugar in bacterial solutions increased significantly when treated with nobiletin and tangeretin. Electron microscopy showed that the structure of the bacterial cells was destroyed and accompanied with induced cells plasmolysis. Nobiletin and tangeretin also inhibited the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and reduced proteins synthesis in bacterial cells. It is proposed that nobiletin and tangeretin destroyed the permeability of the cell membrane, with release of the cell constituents, leading to metabolic dysfunction, inhibition of protein synthesis, and eventually to cell pyknosis and death.     

岩盐溶腔覆岩沉降和变形规律的研究

基于数理统计和地层控制等基础理论,对岩盐水溶开采中,岩盐溶腔覆岩的移动规律进行了研究,得到了岩盐溶腔顶板岩层中任一点处下沉值的表达式及溶腔中点不同深度处覆岩的沉降及变形公式,计算结果与所做相似物理模拟研究之结果和生产实际情况吻合较好     

多型相变对K0.5Na0.5NbO3基压电陶瓷的结构与性能的影响

KNN基无铅压电陶瓷的研究是目前铁电压电材料领域的研究热点之一。这里结合近期国内外有关KNN基陶瓷的研究现状,重点介绍了多型相变的机理及通过离子掺杂取代产生的多型相变对KNN基陶瓷的相结构和性能的影响。